卷 13, 编号 2 (2023)

Taking into account the current trends of digital transformation, artificial intelligence is becoming one of the most relevant and in-demand digital technologies, which is used to solve a wide range of tasks related to the practice of municipal management and the provision of municipal services. Artificial intelligence is becoming more and more in demand both in public administration and in the practice of organizing the work of local governments, in the development and implementation of plans for the effective use of municipal resources. The purpose of the study is to determine the main vectors of the introduction of artificial intelligence into the practice of municipal government bodies based on the analysis of existing experience of digital transformations. Research methods. A comparative analysis was used to study the experience of introducing digital artificial intelligence technology into municipal management. The structural and functional method is applied to determine the main vectors of the use of artificial intelligence in municipal management. The results of the study demonstrated practical examples of the use of artificial intelligence in the field of municipal administration and presented new opportunities for the introduction of artificial intelligence into the practice of local self-government in Russia. Conclusions. The implementation of the digital transformation of municipal government based on artificial intelligence will require serious efforts and financial investments. However, in the future, it is possible to achieve significant improvements in the work of municipal authorities and, ultimately, improve the quality of life of citizens.

The relevance of the study is determined by the need to understand the dynamics of political processes depending on demographic changes in society. Based on the theoretical foundations of Z. Bauman’s ideas about “fluid modernity” and achievements in the field of molecular dynamic modeling, the author aims to calculate the “coefficient of political viscosity” of society based on its demographic indicators. Without claiming the exclusivity and universality of the proposed model, which does not take into account other factors other than family ties between people, the author admits a high probability of deviations in the accuracy of forecasting political processes and emphasizes the limited scope of the proposed model. The methodological basis of the article is the theoretical developments of Russian and foreign researchers. The work uses general philosophical, socio-humanitarian, as well as methods from the arsenal of physical, mathematical and chemical sciences. The empirical data used in the work are taken from open sources.

This publication attempts to study the religious policy of Japan from the time of the unification of the country through the efforts of Oda Nobunaga and Toyotomi Hideyoshi to the consolidation of the Tokugawa shogunate in close connection with the ongoing political processes – the centralization of authority and the formation of the Tokugawa military oligarchy based on realistic authoritarianism. The significance of the ideological postulates of the religions common in pre-Edo and Edo Japan is established in the context of overcoming feudal fragmentation and the consistent construction of the Tokugawa shogunate. The main directions of the state religious policy of the period under review are singled out and the nature and political reasons for the positive or negative attitude towards common religions on the part of the ruling class are revealed. The understanding of realistic authoritarianism as a set of methods for retaining Tokugawa power by harsh, manipulative, but excluding direct violence methods is being consolidated. The thesis is substantiated that the Confucian doctrine became the ideological basis for the centralization of authority and the emergence of realistic authoritarianism of the first Tokugawa shoguns, the implementation of which made it possible to establish the regime of the Tokugawa military oligarchy through the policy of “soft power”, blocking the emergence of centrifugal and separatist tendencies among influential daimyo. It is proved that the state during the period under review pursued a conservative religious policy which was expressed in the patronage of traditional beliefs (Shintoism, Buddhism and Zen Buddhism) and the prohibition of Christianity, which was perceived, on the one hand, as a belief alien to the Japanese and, on the other hand, as a worldview that encroaches on the foundations of Japanese statehood. In the context of the study of religious policy towards Christians, it is concluded that the Confucian idea of achieving state order by unifying social life and consistently getting rid of political and axiological factors that could bring disorganization into normal and habitual functioning of social matter played a significant role in the prohibition of Christianity and Catholic missionary work.

The purpose of the study. The article deals with the problems of developing new and correcting existing technologies for working with the family that meet the complicated conditions of modern society. The authors analyze the results of a sociological study devoted to the search for new forms of organization of assistance to families of various categories. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the need to develop new technologies for helping families based on the principles of targeting and complexity. Methods. The methodology of the study is based on a systematic approach to the technologies of working with the family, presented in the works of A.I. Pyanov, A.V. Kovalenko, T.G. Yaroslavtseva, L.V. Lazareva, N.S. Danakin. To verify the theoretical provisions of the article, a sociological study was conducted in December – November 2022 among the population aged 18 to 75 years (Kursk region N = 1644;; Moscow N = 1012). The study was conducted using a specially designed questionnaire, an online survey method (using Yandex.Forms). Conclusion. The authors propose a comprehensive approach to the technologies of working with the family, covering areas for the formation of behavioral practices that ensure the stability of the family as a small group to the action of risks and reduce the riskiness of the living space of modern Russian families.

Due to the transition to an economy dominated by import substitution, there is a need for a new understanding of the nature of innovation policy at the firm and industry levels in the scientific sphere of Russia. Under these conditions, the discussion of the turn of the XX–XXI centuries on the innovation policy of the firm, including the discussion of the typology of innovations, has acquired particularly relevant importance, taking into account also the insufficient study in Russia of foreign literature on the theory of the innovation policy of the firm. The article offers a generalized overview of conceptual ideas in the theoretical sphere of the company’s innovation policy, mainly the ideas of the typology of innovation as the central element of the large theory of innovation of the company are touched upon in this paper. The authors conclude that Western management concepts put in the first place the opposition to the need to maintain routine processes and aspirations for the development and implementation of innovations as a central factor in the development of the innovation process at the levels of the firm and industry.

The object of the research is the peculiarities of the latter-day reforms of Russian higher school that over the past two decades has gone through a serious transformation. The purpose of the paper is to analyze some issues of the performed changes, public experts’ proposals, and after reviewing theoretical and methodological studies of Russian and foreign scientists, some other countries’ experience of higher education reforming, the officially offered variant of modernization to substantiate the hypothesis that the maintenance of multi-level higher education in Russia will require to rethink profoundly the role of baccalaureate, specialty and magistracy in the higher educational process and to set up a unique modern based on the unified competence structure training system of both specialists with higher education and research staff. The paper examines the necessity of taking into account both the character of traditions and obvious advantages of Russian, including Soviet, education, and foreign positive operational experience. During the work the comparative method of historical analysis and system contingency approach were used. It was concluded that setting up an independent system of Russian higher education is primary at present.

The Social Credit System is an important component of country development. China has already made significant progress in creating a social credit system aimed at promoting trust ethics throughout society and creating significant credit value for use in the economy, politics, culture, and other areas. This article examines the content, features, achievements, and experiences of building a social credit system in China. Finally, the prospects of implementing the Chinese social credit system in Russia are discussed, including its advantages and disadvantages.

The purpose of this work is to elucidate the intergenerational characteristics of online behaviors of Chinese “post-00s” college students, which contain positive and negative factors. To this end, we endeavor to explicate their online behaviors through an empirical viewpoint and a comparative analysis approach. The present paper will outline the intergenerational characteristics of online behaviors from tripartite perspective. First of all, in terms of online social behavior, it evinves the coexistence of diversification and circle stratification, thereby blocking mainstream discourse from intervening. Secondly, in terms of online entertainment behavior, it has increasingly become fanatical and dramatic, impeding the dissemination of mainstream values. Lastly, regarding online learning behavior, it is progressively self-reliant and reciprocal, gradually diminishing intergenerational emotional dependency and shaking the dominant position of mainstream ideology. The dichotomy of their online behaviors is likely to result in the predicament of online behavior anomie, posing challenges to the efficacy of moral education in Chinese tertiary institutions. Confined from the perspective of moral education, to effectively avert the anomie of online behavior among Chinese “post-00” college students, this manuscript will proffer three measures to bolster the efficacy of moral education in Chinese tertiary institutions. One is to augment mainstream discourse intervention and advance online media literacy education. The second is to facilitate the propagation of mainstream values and refine the digital ecosystem. The third pertains to the modernization of moral education’s narrative and spatial structure, culminating in the elevation of mainstream ideology’s prestige.

In the proposed publication the author, based on the methodology of analysis, the comparative philosophical method, as well as the methods of literal, conceptual and contextual interpretation of philosophical works, considers the problem of finding a materialistic component in the sociopolitical views of Ludwig Feuerbach. Comprehending the contribution of L. Feuerbach to the dialectical-materialistic method of cognition of reality, widely used in modern social science, the author establishes that the thinker had a significant impact on the formation of the philosophical component of Marxist theory, in line with which for the first time it was possible to synthesize the dialectic of the absolute with materialistic anthropology. The disclosure of the historical and philosophical context of the origin of the views of L. Feuerbach is carried out on the basis of an analysis of the works of Immanuel Kant (a priori philosophy), Johann Gottlieb Fichte (the philosophy of the supersubject), Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling (the philosophy of the identical Absolute), Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (the dialectic of the absolute idea). Based on the results of such an analysis, it is concluded that Feuerbach, being a materialist philosopher, overcame the idealistic views of Kant, Fichte, Schelling and Hegel, but he managed to draw and develop many components from their views (first of all, the dialectical method and the optimistic perception of human entities). Analyzing in detail the sociopolitical ideas of L. Feuerbach in terms of materialistic anthropology, the chanting of the “religion of man” and the apology of freedom, the author establishes that Feuerbach was able to extend the materialistic approach as such to the study of man, social relations, religion, politics and the state. In conclusion, it is deduced that Feuerbach’s belonging to the number of materialist philosophers who extended the materialistic approach not only to nature, but also to society, directly depends on how to understand the essence of materialism: from the standpoint of Marxist reductionism or from the standpoint of interpreting materialism as a study objective reality.

The paper examines the historical and cultural environment of the period of development of postmodernist philosophy, making assumptions about the conditions for the emergence of the concept of hyperreality. The author attempts to summarize the historical and social preconditions that influenced the development of the idea of hyperreality in the second half of XX century. The analysis of the philosophical phenomenon of hyperreality is based on the key works of Jean Baudrillard. Hyperreality is interpreted as a special form of perception of reality in conditions of active transformation of symbolic images of the surrounding world. The philosophical concept of hyperreality is widely known in the context of Jean Baudrillard’s theory of simulation, but the socio-historical preconditions that necessitated the formulation of this concept are usually left out of the study. Considering the historical context of the formation of the philosophy of postmodernism, the author tries to summarize some of these preconditions. The task of the paper is to find interrelation between the appearance of new symbols in the human life and the distortion of the usual perception, perceived as hyperreality of what is going on. Conclusions. Most forms of augmented reality that we encounter today have the same signs of persistent distortion of perception as the postmodern hyperreality of the late twentieth century. J. Baudrillard’s concept can be extended to take into account modern elements of virtual interaction and be successfully applied to build theoretical models of the relationship between man and the surrounding world.

The article discusses the attitude of Pope Francis to the problems of migration and migration policy in the modern world on the basis of his encyclical “On Fraternity and Social Friendship”. Migration problems are presented by Pope Francis through the prism of brotherly love as love and openness to one’s neighbor, acceptance of the “other”, a different culture, a different tradition. In his encyclical, the pontiff calls not only for the acceptance of migrants who are forced to flee from environmental and economic problems, from wars and disasters, but for open borders, empowerment of migrants, guarantees for respect for their needs and characteristics.

The purpose of the research. The article considers the perspectives of the military integration of the European Union countries in the spheres of security and defense. The author defines the purposes and prerequisites of the integration in these spheres. The strategic documents of the EU such as the Security Strategy of 2003, the Global Strategy of 2016 and the Strategic Compass of 2022 are examined in this article. The article reveals the main features of the EU strategic autonomy and examines the parameters of the EU strategic culture in the field of security and defense. The author assesses the initiatives of the European Union in the field of further strengthening of the security and autonomy. The transformation of the Common Security and Defense Policy (CSDP) has been studied by the author. The Permanent Structured Cooperation (PESCO) project was considered in detail as well as the contribution of the EU countries to this project. Conclusions. As a result of the study, the author concludes that European integration is in the process of qualitative changes that affect the formation of the system of collective security and defense. The EU is increasingly acting as a strength pole, and there is a strategic shift from traditional “soft power” to “hard power”. Under the pressure of external factors and due to the efforts of the major powers of the region, it is possible to achieve the goal of strategic autonomy in the field of security and defense. The EU is becoming a serious actor not only of the regional but also the global security.

The author attempts to identify how the image of the state is formed on the example of China. The article reveals theoretical approaches to the concept of “the image of the state” and demonstrates how it can be used in practice. In particular, the author examines the issues of symbols, stereotypes that are formed by the state. The author analyzes the influence of culture as the most important tool of “soft power” on the image of China. The article notes the significance of the semantic content of the political image, which can be compared with a kind of source, which at the subconscious level sets a certain angle of perception of new information about this political object. The choice of an image that will then be purposefully formed in the mass consciousness and forms the image of both all states in general and China in particular. And the more precisely the compliance of the environmental, political, economic, demographic and other situations in the country with the interests of the public is manifested, the more positive the image of the country, the more

This article examines the prerequisites for the emergence of separatist movements in South Yemen after 1990, and also assesses the activities of the separatist movement in the context of analyzing the development of the political system of Yemen. This analysis allows us to characterize and identify the main reasons that affect the current state in Yemen – the lack of agreement between the northern and southern parts of Yemen and the increasing tightening of disagreements in the context of military operations in the country. The purpose of the study. To carry out a comprehensive analysis of the causes that led to the disagreement in Yemen, with the identification of the most significant factors affecting the lack of resolution of the military conflict in Yemen.

The article deals with topical aspects of the activities of women’s non-governmental organizations of Central Asian countries in increasing the socio-political activity of women in the post-Soviet period. The transformation of the women’s human rights movement is revealed, the role and influence of foreign and international institutions in the initiation of the gender issue as an element of the current political agenda of the development of Central Asian states is noted. In accordance with international trends in the development of the non-governmental sector, including in the post-Soviet space, the empowerment of women occupies an important place in the development of local communities in Central Asia. Based on a comparative analysis of foreign and national women’s NGOs, it is concluded that there is an imbalance in the approach to gender issues, which stimulates a consistent departure from Western liberal feminist attitudes to nationally oriented women’s human rights activism. The problems are identified and the contours of the future development of women’s NGOs in the Central Asian states are outlined.