Том 12, № 2 (2022)

This article examines the importance of information and informatization processes in the modern world, considers the possibility of influencing the population with its help, and also presents the advantages and disadvantages of such influence. One of the main identified disadvantages of using information in relation to large masses of people is the use of information as a new weapon of mass destruction, as it can be recognized on the basis of the legislation of the Russian Federation. In this regard, the article presents the signs of information weapons, its distinctive features, on the basis of which it is possible to judge its difference from other types of weapons. The factors and conditions of using information as a weapon are also considered. In addition, the classification of the use of information as a new weapon is presented, arguments are given in favor of this on the basis of Russian legislation. The relevance of the research according to the presented topic is due to the emergence in the modern world of a new type of weapons of mass destruction in the form of information and information technologies that can be used by any person or authority with access to a large number of people to achieve certain goals. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to study the facts and conditions of attribution of information to a new weapon of mass destruction, to consider specific examples of the use of information in a negative way. During the research, the study of relevant materials, documentation, as well as the presentation of illustrative examples, the following result was obtained: based on specific facts and examples, it was proved that information and information technology can be attributed to a new weapon of mass destruction.

The purpose of the article is to study the topic problem of the power political transit. The main components of the neopatrimonial regime are highlighted, the analysis of some legislative acts and initiatives of the President, as well as the Dossier on the draft Constitutional Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan “On introducing amendments and additions to some constitutional laws of the Republic of Kazakhstan”. As a result of which, by comparing the main components of the neopatrimonial regime on the one hand, and the legislative initiatives of the President on the other hand, the basis for the rejection of neopatrimonial practices in Kazakhstan was revealed. The conditions for the transformation of its post-crisis democratic development are formulated and substantiated. This article is a continuation of the previous research devoted to the analysis of political transformations in the transitional period of the Republic of Kazakhstan (Voprosy politologii. 2022. Vol. 12. № 2 (78)), in which, within the framework of the transformation theory of political regimes the process of neopatrimonial regime transition to democracy is considered.

The article presents the results of a study of the problem of overcoming violations of the constitutional rights of the defense party to participate in the evidentiary process in cases that have a public resonance by criminal procedural means. According to the principles of equality and competitiveness of the parties in criminal proceedings, the lawyer (defender, representative) of the suspect, accused defendant has the same rights in the field of evidence as the prosecution. This concerns, first of all, the right to collect and provide evidence refuting the prosecution’s version or subjecting them to reasonable doubt. As practice shows, officials conducting a preliminary investigation tend not to attach evidence from the defense to the case materials, including at the cost of direct violation of the requirements of the Constitution of the Russian Federation and procedural legislation. The grounds for refusing such admission, as a rule, do not stand up to any criticism and can be regarded as offenses of various legal nature: from disciplinary to criminal law. The defense party has the same equal right in the aspect of assessing the relevance, admissibility and reliability of evidence. In this case, we mean cases when a representative of the defense initiates a check of the compliance of the prosecution evidence with the legislative requirements. Examples of this are analyzed in detail in this article. The article is prepared on the basis of the author’s work experience as a criminal lawyer and is devoted to the analysis of the following problem. In the article, the author explores the theoretical foundations and background of the problem, using the example of criminal cases that have a public resonance, analyzes the principles that ensure equality and competitiveness of the parties in criminal proceedings, the system of rights of participants in legal proceedings based on them, their legal regulation, the most common, most typical violations of the right of the defense to participate in evidence. Next, the author examines the legal means and mechanisms (ways) to overcome these violations in the criminal process. a number of conclusions and proposals aimed at improving the legal protection of the rights of suspects, accused defendants, as well as a lawyer (defender, representative). In conclusion, based on the conducted research, the author formulates a number of conclusions and proposals aimed at overcoming the accusatory bias and violations of the rights of participants in court proceedings in cases with public resonance, improving and increasing the effectiveness of overcoming violations of the constitutional right to defense.

Today, the rapid development of science and technology has led to the development of new, completely different technologies, different from traditional ones. First, it affected the sphere of biotechnology. A lot of research is being done to create biomedical cell products. However, the introduction of such products into production and their practical application involves a number of legal issues, including the naming of biomedical cell products. The relevance of the topic of this study is because in the Russian Federation, the legal regulation of BMCP is at an early stage, but this issue is of great importance for the introduction of such products and their certification on the market. The purpose of the study is to consider the features of the legal regulation of the names of biomedical cell products. Research methodology: analysis of the legal regulation of the names of biomedical cell products. The novelty of the study lies in the consideration of the features of the legal regulation of the names of biomedical cell products

This article is devoted to the analysis of such a concept as social tension. In this work, the main characteristics of social tension are considered, basic approaches to its definition are identified, and the opposite determinants of social life, such as social trust and social solidarity, are indicated. The author has analyzed the key factors influencing tension in society and events, the most significant of which has recently become the COVID-19 pandemic. An important place in this article is occupied by the definition of such a concept as ESG principles. The author describes the key elements of this phenomenon, indicates the importance of the process of applying these principles for social development. At the same time, the principles of sustainable development are important not only for improving the social structure, but also for the companies themselves using the described provisions in their strategies, as well as for potential investors. The article describes the mechanism of influence of the application of ESG principles on the level of social tension. This may be a direct reduction in social tension or an indirect impact on the opposing indicators, such as social trust and social solidarity. The author points out the need to spread the application of ESG principles among organizations to increase social sustainability.

The article is devoted to the problems of developing relations between the Kyrgyz Republic and the PRC within the framework of the SCO in the period from 2013 to 2020. China’s launch of its economic initiative “One Belt, One Road” (OBOR) in the autumn of 2013 became a major factor in the further transformation of China’s relations with the countries of Central Asia. These processes naturally affected the most important international regional organization in the region - the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, since it was in its format that a significant part of the cooperation between the Kyrgyz Republic and the PRC proceeded. But with the beginning of the implementation of the BRI by Beijing, a new model of relations between the PRC and the Kyrgyz Republic begins to take shape, in which economic issues were preferred to be resolved bilaterally, and problems related to security issues within the framework of the SCO. But since the Ufa summit of the SCO in 2015, this regional structure has been further developed, as a result of which much more attention is being paid to economic partnership within its framework, which caused a deepening of relations in this area, including between Kyrgyzstan and China.

Civic ethics, as a special ideology, is ultimately determined by the economic foundation and is always the product of concrete, realistic and specific industrial relations and social relations. Among the various social forms, the main content of civic ethics and the way of its construction vary greatly. Conduct a diachronic study of civic ethics, explore the main content of civic ethics and the ways of its construction in various social forms and make up the inevitable logic, academic orientation and basic theoretical field of research in the field of building civic ethics.

Press coverage of military conflicts is aimed at directly informing about combat and conflict actions: wars, religious and ethnic conflicts, special operations. However, the military conflict affects all spheres of society, including the media, changing the media discourse. Therefore, a significant role is played by the way in which the media present the problem of the conflict. The military and politicians use the media to spread the ideas that may be beneficial to them. The media are becoming not just a means of information and communication, but become full-fledged mechanisms and instruments of politics. It is especially necessary to pay attention to this in the conditions of a military conflict, because most of the media are owned by the political and economic elite. The conflict in the Syrian Arab Republic was one of the main directions in German foreign policy. German diplomacy highly appreciates its contribution to the organization of the destruction of chemical weapons, financial assistance to the affected state. Today, Germany is the organizer of conferences and negotiations on the topic of the war in Syria on a permanent basis. The purpose of this work is to determine the semantic and emotional content of the agenda of German digital publications in the context of the military conflict in Syria. The study made it possible to identify key topics, socio-economic and political problems around the conflict in Syria, which through the media had a significant impact on the public agenda in Germany.

In today’s world, the process of global economic integration has accelerated, and the integration of the world’s countries in the political, economic and cultural fields has further deepened. Language is not only a tool of communication that allows countries to understand each other, but also an important component of national “soft power”. Today, “soft power” is increasingly included in the foreign policy strategies of states, which has a positive impact on their internal development and contributes to the spread of their influence on other countries. As the Chinese language and culture become more and more popular abroad, interest in the Chinese language is growing among Russians as well. The promotion of Chinese culture and language in St. Petersburg, Russia’s second largest city and the center of the western part of the country, is especially important. The Confucius Institute in St. Petersburg was chosen for this work. Based on a theoretical analysis of the concept of soft power, the article begins with the Confucius Institute as a tool for developing soft power. It analyzes the opportunities and challenges facing the Confucius Institute in St. Petersburg through case method, comparative analysis, and literature search, and then suggests countermeasures for the Confucius Institute’s intercultural communication in countries along the “One Belt, One Road”. From this the author concludes that the success of the Confucius Institute in St. Petersburg is inseparable from the political, economic and cultural support of Russia and China, but its development is also accompanied by problems in systems and politics.

The research is devoted to the phenomenon of admiratio (admiration, wonder, marvelous) as a criterion of art. The methodological basis of the study is the system theory of Niklas Luhmann. Admiration is presented as a factor in the activation of social autopoiesis, the media of successful communication. The German sociologist refers it to the “traditional” theories of art, the origins of which are found in philosophical and literary reflection starting from ancient Greece. In the sphere of describing art, admiration (wonder) appears in Homer’s poems, marking the sphere of skillful activity (techne) and its works, which are considered as one of the ways of achieving fame for the author. In the philosophical thought of the classical period of Ancient Greece (in the works of Plato, Aristotle), further in the treatises of Cicero and the letters of Horace, admiration is revealed in many ways: the key aspect of the epistemological program; a source of pleasure, in connection with which it receives a controversial assessment; a phenomenon that has a strong and unpredictable effect on the audience. The initial orientation of this concept to observation and the figure of the observer is noted, allowing art to be conceptualized in terms of communicative theory, taking into account the expectations of the audience, directing attention to the reflection of what is perceived.

Aim of the study. The study aims to establish the relevance of value cohesion within the information support system of the Russian Armed Forces using the ontology of values. The paper describes axiological contradictions in contemporary Russian society, as well as their origins and types. The study reveals that Russia historically focused on searching for and promoting intrinsic, objectively real values. Moreover, it describes the challenges and threats posed by axiological simulations and imitations. Conclusions. The author concluded that the Russian Armed Forces experience a series of value clashes, stemming from external political influence, the contradictions between the values of elites and of the common people, as well as the lack of terminology consistency within the Armed Forces themselves. These clashes threaten the success of information support within the Russian Armed Forces, putting their duty to protect the state and its people in jeopardy.