


卷 12, 编号 1 (2022)
- 年: 2022
- 文章: 18
- URL: https://journals.eco-vector.com/2226-6976/issue/view/6930
Articles
FROM CONVENTIONAL INFECTIONS TO INFECTIONS CAUSING PUBLIC HEALTH EMERGENCIES
摘要
Since the emergence of the first international document regulating the procedure for preventing the importation and spread of cholera, the approach to assessing the risk of infections and responding to changes in the epidemic situation has fundamentally altered to the present day. At the same time, to define the same infections, Russian healthcare practice uses various terms: «extremely dangerous, quarantine infections», «infections causing an emergency», «infections requiring sanitary measures», «infections posing a danger to others». The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted a number of problems in the Russian regulatory framework regarding infections that can trigger an emergency. The paper presents the evolution of views on these diseases and considers the terminology used in international and Russian documents.
Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases. Current Items. 2022;12(1):6-10



ANALYSIS OF THE PREVALENCE AND STRUCTURE OF ASYMPTOMATIC SARS-COV-2 CARRIAGE AMONG ADOLESCENTS AND ADULTS DURING THE COVID-19 EPIDEMIC RISE IN JANUARY 2022
摘要
Objective. To analyze the prevalence and structure of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 carriage among the students and teachers of Saint Petersburg colleges during the rise in the incidence of COVID-19 in January 2022. Subjects and methods. In January 25 to 27, 2022, nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal samples were collected from 3,886 out of 8,350 students and teachers from 4 colleges located in different districts of Saint Petersburg. The examinees had no signs of acute respiratory viral infections and other symptoms that did not rule out COVID-19. The samples were examined by PCR assay for SARS- CoV-2 RNA. The positive samples were tested for mutations to the omicron and delta variants using the laboratory PCR procedure developed by the Pasteur Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Russian Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being. Laboratory studies were conducted in the Saint Petersburg Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology. Results. There was a high detection rate of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 positive persons among the students and teachers of Saint Petersburg educational establishments during the rise in the incidence of COVID-19 caused by the predominant omicron variant. On average, in 14-17-year old adolescents, the frequency of both positive samples (20.6%) and the proportion of the omicron variant in the positive samples (51.7%) were significantly higher than in the persons aged 18years and older (10.1 and 33.1%, respectively). This pattern was observed in all the analyzed educational establishments. The adolescents aged 14-17 years were statistically significantly 2.3 times more frequently asymptomatic virus carriers than the adults. In addition, among them, people who were 3.3 times more identified to be infected with the omicron variant than to the cohort of the studied individuals aged 18 years and older. There was a significant direct correlation between the increased number of the subjects to be tested and the probability of detecting asymptomatic carriers, including those infected with the omicron variant. Conclusion. During the rise in the incidence of COVID-19 in January 2022, there was a high prevalence of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 carriage among the students and teachers of educational establishments located in different parts of the city. The findings suggest that it is inadvisable to examine and isolate contact persons from amongst the students and teachers of educational establishments, who have no clinical manifestations of the infection. The examination and isolation of people with symptoms of the disease, the transfer of risk-group people to online work or education, as well as enhanced monitoring of compliance with nonspecif ic prevention measures in all public institutions remain relevant.
Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases. Current Items. 2022;12(1):11-17



FEATURES OF THE CLINICAL COURSE AND THE COVID-19 EPIDEMIC PROCESS IN THE COMMUNITIES OF VARIOUS PLANNING PATTERNS
摘要
Objective. To establish a relationship between the clinical and epidemiological course of COVID-19 and the duration of focal morbidity in the communities of various planning patterns. Materials and methods. In April 15 to June 2, 2020, the investigators carried out a sampling longitudinal prospective analytical study of the course of the clinical and epidemic process in the COVID-19 foci formed in the communities of various planning patterns. There were a total of 515 COVID-19 cases. Results. A direct relationship was found between the clinical course and features of the COVID-19 epidemic process and the duration of focal morbidity in the communities of various planning patterns. The analyzed epidemiological indicators: cumulative incidence, morbidity, and incidence density significantly increased by the second incubation period (from day 14 to day 28 since the date of registration of the first case of COVID-19 in the community). The increase in these indicators characterizing the course of the infectious process of COVID-19 was accompanied by an intensive rise in new infection cases and by a change in the clinical course of the disease. This was manifested by an increase in the total number of registered community-acquired pneumonias and a decrease in the period of their development. The increase in the intensity of the epidemic process, the change in the clinical course of COVID-19 and the timing of the development of community-acquired pneumonia directly depended on the duration of the focal process of COVID-19. The long current focus was established to have lower epidemiological indicators in the separate community compared to the reported one. Conclusion. The long current COVID-19 foci formed in the reported and separate communities are characterized by a more intensive epidemic process; the persons who have got infection in the communities have often a severer clinical course.
Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases. Current Items. 2022;12(1):18-24



A MULTIDISCIPLINARY APPROACH TO ASSESSING THE RISKS OF HEALTHCARE-ASSOCIATED INFECTIONS IN THE CONTEXT OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
摘要
The problem of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) has assumed particular importance during the pandemic of the novel coronavirus infection COVID-19. Objective. To qualitatively assess risk factors for the occurrence and spread of HAIs by the example of multidisciplinary hospitals in Moscow. Materials and methods. ELISA was used in the screening serological testing of serum samples taken from the healthcare workers of multidisciplinary somatic hospitals in Moscow for specific antibodies (IgG) to the viruses of hepatitis B (n = 890) and measles and rubella (n = 200). The 2017 to 2020 microbiological monitoring data (6852 clinical material samples), as well as a planned sanitary and bacteriological study of 6547swabs from intrahospital environment objects were used to assess the risk of HAIs caused by opportunistic bacteria of the ESKAPE pathogens (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacteriaceae) in patients from different clinical units. Results. The medical staff of multidisciplinary hospitals has been established to be at risk for spreading hepatitis B, which increases with age and the time that has elapsed since the end of a vaccination cycle. If the measles agent is brought into the territory of these facilities, there is a risk of its spread with the participation of healthcare workers. Microbiological examination of inpatients revealed a high risk of detection in the microflora isolated from the biomaterial of various multiple antibiotic resistance loci, the strains of representatives of the family of Enterobacteriaceae producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs), nonfermenting gram-negative bacilli (NFGNB), gram-positive (GP) coccal flora (oxacillin resistant Staphylococcous aureus (ORSA), oxacillin resistant Staphylococcous epidermidis (ORSE). There has been identif ied a risk for spreading Klebsiella strains, the producers of extended spectrum carbapenemases. Conclusion. Risk-oriented HAI monitoring in the context of the novel coronavirus infection pandemic should be based on a multidisciplinary approach to this problem, by using various studies: serological, microbiological, sanitary-bacteriological, clinical epidemiological, statistical, and others.
Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases. Current Items. 2022;12(1):25-34



MACROPHAGE INFLAMMATORY PROTEINS AS MARKERS OF SEVERE COVID-19
摘要
COVID-19 infection is accompanied by the intensive secretion of cytokines, including macrophage inflammatory proteins (MIP-1A, MIP-1B), especially in patients with with the severe disease. Objective. To determine the serum concentrations of MIP-1A and MIP-1B in patients with severe COVID-19. Subjects and methods. Examinations were made in 49 patients with severe COVID-19 (a study group) and in 30 patients with moderate COVID-19 (a comparison group). The patients’ clinical and laboratory parameters were analyzed; the serum levels of macrophage inflammatory proteins (MIP-1A, MIP-1B) were studied by solid-phase ELISA. Results. The excess level of MIP-1A was observed in 42 (84%) patients in the study group and in 3 (10%) in the comparison group; the mean concentrations of MIP-1A were 156.79 and 3.71 pg/ml, respectively. MIP-1B was detected in 48 (96%) patients in the study group and in 11 (36.7%) in the comparison group; the mean concentrations of MIP-1B were 152.62 and 7.53 pg/ml, respectively. The groups showed a statistically significant (p < 0.01) correlation between the MIP-1A and MIP-1B concentrations; Pearson’s correlation coefficient was 0.756. The ROC analysis determined the high potential of MIP-1A and MIP-1B as prognostic markers. At the same time, the area under the curve (AUC) is estimated to be 0.919, which indicates the possibility of using MIP-1A and MIP-1B as markers of disease severity. Conclusion. Severe COVID-19 is accompanied by a more pronounced elevation in serum MIP-1A and MIP-1B, which allows these indicators to be considered as potential markers of the progression of COVID-19.
Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases. Current Items. 2022;12(1):35-38



HIV TREATMENT ADHERENCE TECHNOLOGY: ANALYSIS OF COMMUNICATIONS IN THE SPECIALIST-PATIENT SYSTEM
摘要
Objective. To assess the structure and quality of communications on HIV infection treatment according to the results of a survey of HIV-infected patients. Subjects and methods. In 2019-2020, a direct written survey of 437 HIV-infected patients was conducted during continuous sampling at the planned follow-up visit. Surveys were made in 161 patients (Group 1) in the Republican Center for Prevention and Control of AIDS and Communicable Diseases, Ministry of Health of the Republic of Tatarstan, in 166 patients (Group 2) in the Leningrad Regional AIDS Center, and in 110patients (Group 3) in the Republican AIDS Center, Ministry of Health and Social Development of the Kyrgyz Republic. The respondents were asked to answer indicator questions to assess the fact and content of conversations made by healthcare workers about HIV infection treatment, and also to assess whether there is enough time at the physician’s appointment to investigate treatment issues. Results. A conversation on their treatment was confirmed by 46.9%, 91.5%, and 100% of the respondents in Groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The lowest rate of an affirmative answer to this indicator question was observed in Group 1 (p1-2 < 0.001; p1-3 < 0.001). The differences in the rate of this indicator between Groups 2 and 3 were also statistically significant (p2-3 = 0.011). An affirmative answer to all the asked indicator questions was obtained; counseling on HIV infection treatment was in full carried out in 22.4, 34.4, and 14.5% of cases in Groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Full-scale counseling was most frequently made in the Leningrad Region (p1-2 = 0.050; p1-3 = 0.049; p2-3 < 0.001). However, only a third of the surveyed participants confirmed that they had received counseling in full. In all the groups, the reasons for an impaired medication regimen were least often discussed with 36.5, 47.5, and 29.1% of respondents in Groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Most of the respondents noted that there was enough time to investigate treatment issues at the physician’s appointment: these were 88.4%, 88.4%, and 77.3%, respectively. Conclusion. The findings may suggest that in the regions where the questionnaire survey is conducted, the directive style of communications prevails in the specialist-patient system, and motivating counseling strategies are insufficiently used. There is a deficit in identifying the risks of non-adherence. Clarification and minimization of the risks of non-adherence, the use of incentives that motivate adherence to the antiretroviral therapy regimen, in particular, reminders of the prospect of improving the health status with regular use of drugs, contribute to enhancing the effectiveness of communications on HIV infection treatment.
Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases. Current Items. 2022;12(1):39-45



ANALYSIS OF THE ESTABLISHED DISABILITY GROUP IN HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS
摘要
Objective. To study the trends and causes of adult disability due to HIV-related diseases, as well as the results of their re-examination. Subjects and methods. The results and causes of disability were determined in HIV-infected patients in whom a disability group to be registered; the established disability groups were also established in HIV- infected patients who were registered in the Center for Prevention and Control of AIDS and Communicable Diseases (Saint Petersburg). Results. The annual increase in the proportion of patients at advanced stages of HIV infection and the higher detection rate of HIV in people of older age groups with concomitant diseases are the cause of long-term temporary disability and early disability in HIV-infected patients. The frequency of concomitant pathology and risk factors for the development of comorbid conditions were identif ied in HIV- infected people older than 40 years. Conclusion. The increase in the number of patients in the late stages of HIV infection who are not to be followed up and treated leads to disease progression and to the increase in the number of patients in need of disability registration. In recent years, primary disability due to HIV infection is characterized by a significant rise; severe manifestations and consequences resulting in worse vital activities, complete loss of ability to work; inability to rehabilitate.
Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases. Current Items. 2022;12(1):46-52



DEMOGRAPHIC AND CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF PATIENTS WITH NEW-ONSET HIV/CHC COINFECTION WITH THE KNOWN HCV GENOTYPE
摘要
Objective. To study the demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with HIV/CHC co-infection with the known hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype. Subjects and methods. The investigators analyzed data on 700patients with HIV/CHC co-infection with available information on genotyping, who were first identified and registered in the Sverdlovsk Regional Center for AIDS Prevention and Control for HIV infection in the period from 2016 to 2019. Results. HCV genotype 1 was most common (50% of cases), genotype 3 was found in 45% of cases. The proportion of patients with F3-F4 fibrosis was 15%. In this cohort, the narcotic way of getting HIVprevailed (58%) versus 37% through heterosexual contacts. At least one comorbidity was present in 99% of patients. There were also deviations from the normal laboratory parameters (ALT, AST, creatinine, etc.). Conclusion. The clinical characteristics of patients with HIV/HCV coinfection differ from those of patients with HCV monoinfection; and these differences may influence the timing of initiation and choice of antiviral therapy for CHC. It is preferable to use direct-acting antiviral drugs in co-infectedpatients.
Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases. Current Items. 2022;12(1):53-59



THE FEATURES OF THE COURSE OF HBV INFECTION DURING ANTIVIRAL THERAPY
摘要
Objective. To determine the features of the course of chronic hepatitis B in patients receiving and not receiving antiviral therapy (AVT). Subjects and methods. Seventy HBsAg-positive patients were followed up who had a disease duration from 1 to 15 years; of them there were 24 (34.3%) patients who received AVT with nucleoside analogues (NAs) and 46 (65.7%) who did not receive treatment. Results. During the first visit, the duration of HBsAg release was less than 5 years in 57% of the patients. The number of patients with a duration of HBsAg release for more than 20 years coincided with that of patients (11 %) with severe fibrosis (F3-F4), which was evidenced by fibroelastometry using a FibroScan. HBeAg-negative HBV infection was identified in 86% of the patients; and the initial stage of fibrosis was detected in 83%. AVT was initiated, regardless of the stage of fibrosis, more often in patients aged 41-60 years (in 41.7% of cases) with a viral load of 5 logs. Conclusion. Less than half of the patients who started taking NAs remained adherent to therapy. At the same time, the stage of liver fibrosis decreased in patients receiving AVT, which may suggest that NAs have an anti-fibrotic effect.
Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases. Current Items. 2022;12(1):60-63



STRATEGIC DIRECTIONS FOR MEASLES INFECTION CONTROL IN HEALTHCARE FACILITIES (ACCORDING TO THE ANALYSIS OF THE OUTBREAK IN A CHILDREN HOSPITAL)
摘要
Objective. To analyze the incidence of measles in a children hospital in order to def ine strategic directions for the control of the nosocomial spread of this infection. Materials and methods. The investigators analyzed the 2007-2019 data available in the federal state statistical observation form No. 2 in Moscow and the Eastern Moscow Administrative District (EMAD), as well as epidemiological investigation of the Territorial Off ice of the Russian Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being Directorate for the EMAD over 2017 and operational reports on case K, which had been submitted by the Moscow City Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology, Branch in the EMAD. Epidemiological and statistical studies were used. Results. During the analyzed period, the incidence of measles in Moscow had two epidemic rises: from 2011 to 2015 and from 2017 to 2019. The situation in the EMAD generally corresponded to the development of the measles epidemic process in the metropolis. The increased incidence of measles in the EMAD in 2017 was found to be caused by its several local outbreaks in one of the children hospitals due to periodic infections in the nonspecialized units.A total of 47 people out of228 contacts without information about vaccination from 5 sources of infection caught measles and fell ill. The average duration of contact from the onset of catarrhal phenomena in the source of infection was 2.8 days; the focal rate in the healthcare facility (HCF) was 50.0%; and the average number of cases in the focus was 5.7. Among the sick, the children aged 6months to 1 year were 46.0%; those aged 1-2years were 30.7%. The reasons for the spread of measles in the HCF were the low level of specific protection, late diagnosis, impairments in the anti-epidemic regime, and failure to take measures to ensure hospital environment hygiene. Conclusion. To control the measles infection situation and to prevent the infection and spread in the HCF, it is necessary to achieve high measles vaccination coverage rates, efficiency in organizing anti-epidemic measures, examination and isolation of patients with symptoms of measles, alertness of medical personnel regarding the diagnosis of the disease, as well as constant monitoring of the situation on the territory of HCF dislocation.
Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases. Current Items. 2022;12(1):64-69



CLINICAL FORMS OF TICK-BORNE VIRAL ENCEPHALITIS IN PERSONS WITH CO-INFECTION
摘要
Objective. To identify the impact of tick-borne encephalitis-borreliosis co-infection (TBEBCI) on the incidence of severe forms of tick-borne viral encephalitis (TBVE) in patients with a history of different options for specific prevention, as well as in its absence. Subjects and methods. Case histories were analyzed in patients with confirmed diagnoses of TBE (n = 246) and TBVEBCI (n = 208). Results. TBE was found to be associated with a mixed viral-bacterial infection of TBEBCI in 45.8% of cases. The incidence of severe focal forms of the disease was shown to be 1.5 times lower in the group of patients simultaneously infected with the two pathogens while the percentage of persons with mild febrile TBE was 1.4 times higher than in the group of patients with monoinfection, which suggests that the course of the disease associated with mixed infection is more favorable. Conclusion. Ixodid TBEBCI reduces the risk of severe forms of TBE in patients with and with no history of different options for specific immunoprophylaxis against TBEV. The individuals vaccinated against TBE have the lowest risk of both TBE and TBVEBCI. At the same time, active immunization of the population most effectively protects the vaccinated people against severe forms of the disease.
Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases. Current Items. 2022;12(1):70-75



USE OF GIS TECHNOLOGIES TO ANALYZE THE SPREAD OF ENTEROVIRAL INFECTION IN THE URBAN ENVIRONMENT
摘要
Large epidemic outbreaks of enterovirus infections (EVIs) are periodically recorded among children in urban settlements. Objective. To use geoinformation technologies to test the hypothesis about the important role of contacts between children in the spread of EVIs during the years of rising incidence in an urban environment. Materials and methods. The investigators conducted a descriptive epidemiological study using geographic information systems (GIS) according to the data of recording EVI cases in Irkutsk in 2019 (n = 214). EVIs were mapped according to the geographical coordinates of the addresses of cases registration using the QGIS 2.18 program. Natural Earth and OpenStreetMap resources were used to build a map. The distribution of cases was compared with the location of preschools and schools. Results. During the period of the seasonal increase in the incidence, there was a local rise in the number of EVI cases in the quarters of high-rise and mid-rise buildings. The risk of multiple EVI cases in the areas of educational establishments was higher: the odds ratio (OR) = 16.6 (4.8-58) for areas with preschools and 2.5 (0.9-6.9) for those with schools. A statistically significant association of areas with an increased density of registration of EVI cases with the localization of preschools and schools on the city map. Conclusion. The spatial and temporal features of distribution of EVI incidence confirm the important role of contacts between children in the spread of EVI in the urban environment.
Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases. Current Items. 2022;12(1):76-80



GENETIC TYPING OF BRUCELLA MELITENSIS STRAINS ON THE BASIS OF VARIABILITY ANALYSIS OF INDEL LOCI
摘要
Objective. To perform INDEL typing of Brucella melitensis strains isolated in different geographic regions in 1948 to 2015 for 10 loci (RS05410, RS06765, RS11140, RS12095, RS12365, RS14755, RS16525, RS05465, RS14470, and RS16540). Materials and methods. Molecular genetic typing of 11 B. melitensis strains was carried out by polymerase chain reaction with electrophoretic detection of results. Forty-eight B. melitensis strains present in the GenBank international database were genotyped in silico. Results. Five INDEL genotypes were identif ied among the 59 studied strains. Based on cluster analysis, all genotypes were grouped into 5 clusters. A correlation was established between the INDEL genotype of B. melitensis strains and their belonging to one of the 5 main genetic lines of the microorganism based on whole genome SNP analysis (wgSNP). Conclusion. The findings allow us to consider the developed INDEL typing method as a promising additional tool for defining the origin of individual B. melitensis isolates during epidemiological investigations of brucellosis outbreaks.
Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases. Current Items. 2022;12(1):81-86



PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA INFECTION IN PATIENTS OF DIFFERENT PROFILES: CLINICAL AND MICROBIOLOGICAL ASPECTS
摘要
Objective. To provide the clinical characteristics of patients with Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection, by taking into account the antibiotic resistance of isolated P. aeruginosa strains. Subjects and methods. The investigators retrospectively analyzed clinical data on 79 patients, in whom P. aeruginosa was isolated from their various biological material samples, by taking into account the antibiotic resistance of the isolates. Results. Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection is equally common in males and females; it can be recorded in both children and adults. Patients with Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection caused by antibiotic-resistant strains of P. aeruginosa were found to have underlying chronic diseases, such as diabetes mellitus, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic pyelonephritis, anemia, malignant tumors, bedsores, and urinary catheters. In 11.3% of patients, antibiotic-resistant strains of P. aeruginosa were isolated from the biological material collected within 48 hours after admission to hospital, indicating that they had a healthcare-associated infection prior to hospitalization. P. aeruginosa was established to be susceptible in vitro to polymyxins (86.1%), amikacin (81.0%), tobramycin (68.2%), levofloxacin (61.5%), meropenem (60.8%), imipenem (49.4%), doripenem (53.1%), ceftazidim (55.7%), cefepime (34.2%), and cefoperazone (24.2%). Conclusion. Among the P. aeruginosa strains isolated from inpatients, antibiotic-resistant strains prevailed, amounting to 78.5%. According to the monitoring results, polymyxins remain the drug of choice for severe invasive infections caused by antibiotic-resistant P. aeruginosa strains, to which the highest frequency of susceptibility was noted.
Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases. Current Items. 2022;12(1):87-92



COVID-19 AS A PROBABLE TRIGGER FACTOR FOR AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES IN CHILDREN
摘要
The emergence of SARS- CoV-2 led to the largest pandemic in modern history with a huge number of severe infection cases and deaths. With general bad statistics, the COVID-19 situation looked relatively safe in pediatric practice. It was characterized by a large proportion of patients with asymptomatic and mild infections, by significantly lower rates of morbidity and even more mortality. But this «imaginary» well-being was soon replaced by a disturbing trend. In clinical practice, children came under recording to have forms of delayed multiple organ inf lammatory damage, the so-called multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS- C). In addition to MIS- C, the role of COVID-19 as a kind of trigger in the development of various autoimmune diseases is not ruled out. Long-term follow-up of pediatric patients who have experienced COVID-19 is currently virtually absent due to objective reasons. The paper describes clinical cases of the development of autoimmune diseases in children after suffering from COVID-19. It discusses the role of infection caused by SARS- CoV-2 as a trigger for the development of autoimmune diseases.
Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases. Current Items. 2022;12(1):93-100



CURRENT STATUS AND PROSPECTS FOR SPECIFIC PLAGUE PREVENTION
摘要
The review substantiates the relevance of studies on the specific prevention of plague. It analyzes publications from the databases of electronic libraries PubMed, e-library, CyberLeninka, etc. It also gives information on the existing areas in the development of anti-plague vaccines, modern methods for providing specif ic protection against plague and prospects for its improvement.
Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases. Current Items. 2022;12(1):101-109



ANTIVIRAL ACTIVITY OF FAVIPIRAVIR AGAINST NOVEL DELTA AND OMICRON SARS-COV-2 VARIANTS
摘要
Objective. To investigate the antiviral activity of favipiravir against different SARS- CoV-2 variants. Materials and methods. The antiviral activity of the drug against three SARS-CoV-2 variants, such as the strains B.1.1, delta, and omicron, in Vero cells was investigated in vitro. The results were assessed from the reduced viral RNA yield in the infected cells by a real-time reverse transcription PCR assay. Results. Favipiravir effectively inhibited the reproduction of SARS-CoV-2, while the inhibitory concentration of EC50 of the drug did not substantially differ between the virus variants within a range of 200-300 ßM for all the strains. Conclusion. Evolutionary changes in the SARS- CoV-2 virus did not have a significant impact on the in vitro activity of the drug, which is maintained against novel SARS-CoV-2 variants.
Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases. Current Items. 2022;12(1):110-114



EFFECT OF ALLOFERON ON THE CYTOTOXIC ACTIVITY OF NK CELLS IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC EPSTEIN-BARR VIRUS INFECTION
摘要
Objective. To study the effect of alloferon on the number of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA copies in saliva samples, the time course of changes in the content of natural killer (NK) cells and in the cytotoxic activity of killer cells in patients with chronic EBV infection (CEBVI) at 6 weeks after the end of therapy. Subjects and methods. One hundred (69 females and 31 males) suffering from CEBVI were divided into 2 groups. Within 2 months, Group 1 patients (n = 70) received therapy with alloferon (9 subcutaneous injections of 1.0 mg every other day), Group 2 patients (n = 30) took valacyclovir (Valtrex). The EBV DNA level in the saliva samples was determined by the PCR method; the cytotoxic activity of NK cells was assessed by the spontaneous and induced expression of CD107a (LAMP, number of NK cells). Results. At 6 weeks after the end of therapy, no EBV DNA was detected in 38 (54.28%) patients from Group 1 and in 9 (30.0%) from Group 2(p = 0.001). Conclusion. Alloferon has a pronounced effect on reducing the number of EBV DNA copies in the saliva samples, induces the expansion of NK cells and their cytotoxic activity in patients with CEBVI.
Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases. Current Items. 2022;12(1):115-120


