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卷 10, 编号 1 (2023)
AUTOMATION OF MANUFACTURING AND TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESSES
A Quantitative Estimation of the Uncertainty of the Average Clearance and Interference in the Conjugations of the Eponymous Intermediate and Extreme Dimensional Groups
摘要
The main result of the study is related to the conclusion having novelty of the analytical dependencies of finding a quantitative estimate of the uncertainty of random scattering of the average clearance and interference in the conjugations of the eponymous intermediate and extreme dimensional groups, the random scattering of the average size relative to the upper and lower acceptance boundaries at the tolerances intervals of the actual sizes of intermediate and extreme dimensional groups. The presence of measurement errors, random scattering of actual dimensions with а deviation of the shape of the real surface or profile with the splitting of the tolerances of actual dimensions into an equal number of dimensional groups has an impact on the reliability of measurement results and control of parts when completing and selecting by sorting them into an equal number of dimensional groups and with the appearance on the tolerances intervals of the actual sizes of intermediate and extreme dimensional groups of areas of probabilistic errors of the first and second kind in the case of an erroneous ecceptance of some defective parts as suitable and some of the suitable parts defective leads to random scattering of the average clearance and interference in the conjugations of the eponymous intermediate and extreme dimensional groups, displacements of the grouping centers of the tolerances of the actual dimensions of intermediate and extreme dimensional groups with respect to the middle of the tolerance of the actual dimensions, impossible to use all received for assembly of the parts when completing and selecting by sorting them into an equal number of dimensional groups. The main result of the study is related to the conclusion having novelty of the analytical dependencies of finding a quantitative estimate of the uncertainty of random scattering of the average clearance and interference in the conjugations of the eponymous intermediate and extreme dimensional groups, the random scattering of the average size relative to the upper and lower acceptance boundaries at the tolerances intervals of the actual sizes of intermediate and extreme dimensional groups.
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Development of Micro-conductors with Magnetically Soft Glass Coating for Technological Applications
摘要
The work is devoted to advanced research of glass-coated microconductors as a special class of amorphous metal alloys. These magnetic microwires are model systems for fundamental research of a number of physical phenomena that are difficult to access in other conventional magnetic materials. The increased magnetic softness combined with their small size made them very promising for many modern technological applications. The authors attempted to demonstrate the development of microconducts with a magnetically soft glass coating from three closed points of view: control of internal stresses by changing the ratio between the diameter of the metal core and the thickness of the glass; achievement of a nanocrystalline state using two-phase nanoscale crystallites embedded in an amorphous matrix; control of heat treatment conditions before any participation of crystalline phases, i.e. weakening of internal stresses, frozen after the manufacturing process.
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MATHEMATICAL MODELING, NUMERICAL METHODS AND COMPLEX PROGRAMS
Investigation of Methods of Automatic Stitching of Panoramic Images
摘要
The relevance of panoramic stitching is explained by the fact that powerful computers and image processing algorithms are currently available, which allow you to automatically stitch many images into a panorama with a high degree of accuracy and quality. This makes panoramic stitching an important tool for both professional photographers and amateur photographers, as well as in many other areas related to image processing and computer vision. The leading trend in the development of panoramic stitching is to improve the accuracy and speed of algorithms, as well as to expand the possibilities for working with large amounts of data. One of the directions of its development is the development of tools for creating interactive panoramic images and virtual tours. The paper proposes a method of absolutely automatic stitching of panoramic images using methods of invariant local functions for finding key points and their descriptors, projective transformation using the RANSAC algorithm, image alignment based on the calculation of homographic parameters of the camera, multi-band image mixing. To test the proposed method, a software prototype was implemented, photographs from the Huns exhibition at the M.N. Khangalov Museum of the History of the Republic of Buryatia were taken as experimental data. The results of the software prototype are panoramic images obtained based on the processing of these photos. The conducted computational experiments allow us to conclude that the results obtained show high accuracy when compared with the real world.
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Analysis of the Modern Algorithms’ Accuracy for Communities Identification on Networks when Working with Graph Databases
摘要
In this paper, we consider methods for extracting communities in networksusing various algorithms. The Girvan-Newman, Louvain, Walktrap and Leiden algorithms were presented and the results of their application on the Wikipedia graph were analyzed. Various metrics were used to assess the quality of the isolated communities, and the results were stored in the Neo4j graph database. The results showed that the Leiden and Louvain algorithms with a resolution equal to one showed the best results compared to other algorithms.
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COMPUTER MODELING AND DESIGN AUTOMATION SYSTEMS
The Trajectories Construction of the Universal Joint Movement in the Configuration Space in ℝ3
摘要
In this paper, the study of the movement of the universal joint using the quaternion formalism was carried out, the law of movement of the cross of the universal joint was established with a known law of rotation of the drive shaft. A method of visual interpretation of the law of motion of the crosspiece is proposed, using the mapping of unit quaternions into a three-dimensional ball with radius 2π.
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SYSTEM ANALYSIS, INFORMATION MANAGEMENT AND PROCESSING, STATISTICS
On the Comparative Efficiency of Change Point Detection in Multivariate Technological Processes Using Multidimensional Double Control Charts
摘要
The problem of change point detection in multiparametric technological processes having a normal distribution and consisting in a shift from a given value of the sample mean and sample variance is investigated. Various types of control charts are considered, which make it possible to effectively detect simultaneous changes in the mean value and variance in multiparametric technological processes. By the method of statistical modeling, an analysis of the comparative effectiveness of control charts is carried out, practical recommendations are given.
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MATHEMATICAL AND SOFTWARE OF COMPUTЕRS, COMPLEXES AND COMPUTER NETWORKS
Using a Tensor Model to Handle Uncertainty in Complex Dynamical Systems
摘要
The article is devoted to research related to the processing of uncertainty by means of tensor algebra in complex dynamical systems. The “smart electronic hitch” system is considered as an example of a complex dynamic system. The use of such a system is especially important when organizing traffic in difficult conditions. The solution of this problem occurs under conditions of uncertainty that may appear at different levels of the traffic management process. To identify and study in detail the properties of uncertainty, the author suggests using a tensor model. The tensor model makes it possible to identify additional properties of uncertainty, the study of which is not available when using traditional formalisms to represent uncertainty. Using the tensor model allows us to study the spatial model of uncertainty, real and imaginary values of uncertainty, as well as uncertainty invariants with respect to various transformations of the coordinate system. The article proposes a classification of uncertainty in a complex system. Using the example of the organization of interaction of “smart” controllers in an electronic coupling, the author shows the results of applying tensor analysis methods of networks to obtain a computational base of an electronic coupling. Tensor equations provide efficient processing of big data, obtaining information in real time, the stability of the dynamic system to changes in the topology of the connection of controllers and changes in the soft and hard components of the connection. The results obtained in the article show that the tensor uncertainty model can be successfully implemented in a dynamic system of any complexity level.
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Pedestrian Detection and Tracking of Their Movement Trajectory Using the Background Segmentation Method Based on KNN
摘要
Problem statement. Target detection and video image tracking is one of the important topics of computer vision, as well as a problem that needs to be urgently addressed in practical applications. Interference makes it difficult to get the target position. Faced with this problem, scientists have proposed many tracking algorithms. Purpose. In real video monitoring, the system can automatically detect the foreground and draw the trajectory of the foreground. Methods. Use the KNN background segmenting algorithm in combination with OpenCV to detect the foreground and track the trajectory of the video. Novelty. It can continuously detect the foreground in the video and is also applicable to the new foreground in the video. This method is easy to call, does not require the use of a large amount of computer performance resources and can achieve real-time detection and tracking. Result. In a real test, we got good test results, we successfully identified moving pedestrians on video and drew their trajectories. Practical relevance. The algorithm can be applied to road traffic, can determine the trajectory of a vehicle to track vehicles, and can also be used to detect pedestrians to pave the way for subsequent recognition of pedestrian behavior.
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ELEMENTS OF COMPUTING SYSTEMS
Synthesis of a Table-type Tonal Arithmetic Device
摘要
One of the obstacles to the further development of the capabilities of high-speed measuring technology is the limitations of digital electronics in terms of the ADC control circuit. The paper proposes to use an alternative approach based on arithmetic in the system of residual classes, while discrete phases of harmonic signals are used as the basis for coding modular numbers. Before a high-speed ADC control scheme is implemented, it is necessary to theoretically justify the functioning of basic computing devices. The article discusses algorithms for the operation of a tabular arithmetic device and a phased key with a high rate of state change. A simple model of the computational path is given in order to focus attention on possible problems with the microwave signal. Modern achievements in the field of potential semiconductor and superconducting instrumentation are analyzed.
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Methodology for Developing a High-speed Compiler Based on the Modified Loop Fusion Optimization Method: Models and Tools for its Implementation
摘要
In connection with the development of information technologies, the complexity of programming languages and, accordingly, applications developed using them, program optimization is of particular importance. In the process of optimization, the program is improved by reducing the code size, complexity, using less memory and provides a reduction in execution time without changing the internal function. In practice, optimization is implemented using compilers and their functions. Taking into account the above, the aim of the article was to develop a methodology for studying various aspects of building a high-speed compiler with a modified loop fusion optimization method, as well as models and tools for its implementation. In the course of the research, the features of its design using the modified loop fusion optimization method are outlined, descriptions of the flowchart of the modified loop fusion algorithm and the logical flowchart of the compiler development stages are given. As a result of the work, a compiler based on the modified loop fusion optimization method is proposed, using loop reversal to ensure their “legitimate” and profitable merging, which reduces the execution time of the program while maintaining its correctness. The efficiency of the proposed compiler is shown by comparing the compilation times of the test program obtained using it and using the well-known compiler x86-64 gcc 4.7.1.
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NANOTECHNOLOGY AND NANOMATERIALS
Atomic and electronic structure of quantum dots on the basis of CdSe
摘要
Within the framework of the density functional theory, comparative calculations of the total energy and electronic states of CdnSen nanoparticles with a structure of three types: wurtzite, sphalerite and NaCl were performed. It has been shown that for n ≤ 72, the formation of a NaCl type structure is energetically favorable. However, extrapolation of the energy values per Cd–Se atom pair shows that for n > 130 (corresponding to a size of about 2 nm), wurtzite-type particles can be more advantageous than particles with the NaCl structure. The electronic structure of CdnSen, CdnSn, and ZnnSn nanoparticles, as well as CdSe/CdS and CdSe/CdS/ZnS quantum dots, has been studied. It is shown that the ZnS shell not only increases the band gap of a quantum dot, but also significantly increases the intensity of its emission due to the appearance of electronic states near the band gap.
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Scaling Models of Electrical Properties of Photo- and Beta-Converters with Nano-Heterojunctions
摘要
The new methodology is developed and the computer simulation of scaling the electrical properties of nanochips-generators of a semiconductor energy converter based on nanoscale contact heterojunctions to ensure maximum power is considered. The variant of optimization of the scaling solution is represented by the connection of nanoheterojunctions with an increase in the current density of nonequilibrium carriers and the open circuit voltage. A generalized equivalent scheme for variations of internal properties and identification of experimental data is presented. The influence of the type of scaling and model parameters is analyzed.
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Increasing the Reliability of Earthquake Prediction
摘要
This article discusses the possibility of early earthquake prediction using radon monitoring in conjunction with the method of detecting charged particles, which will allow more accurate prediction of the time of the event, with a more accurate indication of the epicenter of the future earthquake and will dramatically reduce such a drawback as false predictions.
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Factors of Efficient Generation of Electricity in a Solar Cell with Nanohetero Junctions
摘要
The question of using non-crystalline silicon as a substrate of an effective solar cell is considered. It is shown that the creation of an effective solar cell from non-crystalline silicon is possible only at high densities of localized states in the depth of the silicon band gap. It is shown that a particularly effective conversion of solar energy into electricity is possible when noncrystalline silicon and lead chalcogenides are combined as components of hetero junctions in the nano-dimensional state. It is shown that the use of non-crystalline silicon as a substrate for an effective solar cell is possible only when combined with nanoscale lead chalcogenides. It is shown that the effects of multiexiton generation and carrier multiplication are especially characteristic of lead chalcogenides. The ranges of the effects of carrier multiplication and multi-exciton generation in nanoclusions of lead chalcogenides (PbS, PbSe) have been determined.
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