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Volume 18, Nº 1 (2022)
- Ano: 2022
- Artigos: 13
- URL: https://journals.eco-vector.com/2500-0640/issue/view/8917
Articles
NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF AEROSOL OSCILLATIONS IN A CUBIC ACOUSTIC RESONATOR
Resumo
This work is devoted to modeling aerosol oscillations in a cubic acoustic resonator, as well as in an acoustic resonator in the form of a tube, in which the height is an order of magnitude greater than the width. The mathematical model took into account the viscosity, compressibility and thermal conductivity of the carrier medium. For each of the phases of the mixture, gas and dispersed, a complete hydrodynamic system of equations was solved, including the equation of continuity of mass, spatial components of momentum and energy. Interfacial interaction included momentum exchange and heat transfer. The interphase momentum exchange took into account the force of aerodynamic drag, the dynamic force of Archimedes and the force of the added masses. The equations were integrated by a second-order accurate finite-difference method. A nonlinear correction scheme was used to suppress numerical oscillations. The equations of the mathematical model were supplemented with boundary conditions – for the components of the velocity of the carrier and dispersed phases of the mixture, homogeneous Dirichlet boundary conditions on fixed surfaces and homogeneous Neumann boundary conditions for the remaining physical parameters of the mixture were set. The change in the vertical component of the velocity was set on the moving surfaces. Numerical calculations of aerosol oscillations in the tube are compared with the results of a physical experiment; the comparison has shown acceptable results. The work revealed the regularities of the influence of the volumetric content on the dynamics of the mixture components. The calculation results demonstrate that the magnitude of the change in the pressure amplitude and velocity of the carrier medium and the velocity of the dispersed phase are inversely proportional to the volumetric content of the dispersed phase. The revealed regularity is explained by an increase in the interphase interaction with an increase in the concentration of the dispersed phase. Also, an increase in the volumetric content of aerosol leads to a decrease not only in the amplitude of oscillations, but also in the resonance frequency.
Nauka Yuga Rossii. 2022;18(1):3-11
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GRAIN STRUCTURE OF SrFe2/3W1/3O3 MULTIFERROICS
Resumo
The ceramics of the high temperature SrFe2/3W1/3O3 multiferroic was made by the method of solid-phase reactions. According to the results of X-ray diffraction analysis, it was revealed that the sample is single-phased, there are no impurities. The grain structure of SrFe2/3W1/3O3 was analyzed using optical and electron microscopy. Despite the wide range of grain sizes, all of them have an identical shape, which confirms the absence of impurity phases. The grain boundaries are clean and do not have any inclusions. The internal structure of the grains themselves is homogeneous, almost smooth.
Nauka Yuga Rossii. 2022;18(1):12-15
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ABOUT THE PROSPECTS OF OIL AND GAS POTENTIAL OF THE ANCIENT CORE OF THE NORTH CAUCASIAN FOLDED REGION
Resumo
The article summarizes the materials on the structure of the zone of the Front Range of the North Caucasus, which makes it possible to attribute its pre-Jurassic formations to rocks promising for oil and gas. The Tectonic-formational Front Range zone is a fragment of the Bolshekavkazskaya accretion-collision cover-folded region. Its structure was formed in the course of several tectonic-magmatic cycles, the main of which were the Hercynian, which determined its lithological content and primary nappe structure, as well as the Indosinian. Thesе processes of counter motion continued later, in the Cimmerian and even, possibly, in the Alpine time, and were the cause of multiple bilateral movements of the plates of Paleozoic and even Mesozoic rocks. Participation of the Hercynian ophiolites in the folding leads to the formation of an intense and complex internal structure of the anomalous magnetic field, largely repeating its outlines. The structure of the Front Range zone can continue in the north-west and east directions, where similar morphology (sublinearly elongated), rather intense magnetic fields are observed, somewhat weakened by the cover of Mesozoic sediments. In the first case, this area partially coincides with the West Kuban oil and gas region. In the second one there is an area of the Terek-Sunzha oil and gas basin, which is also marked by an extended magnetic field anomaly. Both of these magnetic fields are caused, as we assume, by a buried nappe-folded structure and a lithology similar to the Front Range zone. This coincidence can be explained by the oil- and gas-producing nature of the zones of co-movement of large blocks with a two-way counter-immersion to a considerable depth of various rocks, including oil-gas-source rocks, sandwiched between them. This gives us reason to attribute the zone of the Front Range itself in its exposed part to the areas that are promising for hydrocarbons.
Nauka Yuga Rossii. 2022;18(1):16-24
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PHASE TRANSFORMATIONS OF MUD BRECCIA MINERALS DURING THERMAL METAMORPHISM
Resumo
Mud breccia is of great interest both from the point of view of explaining the genesis and mechanism of operation of the structures of mud volcanism, and from the point of view of a potentially promising raw material for expanded clay and other building materials. The article is devoted to the study of the mineral composition of the volcanic mud breccia from the Kerch-Taman mud volcanic region by means of four methods: the ultrasonic method; an approach to studying changes in the velocities of elastic waves in plastic rocks and sediments under heating; petrographic analysis of thin sections; and an X-ray diffraction method for studying the phase mineral composition. The applied integrated approach made it possible to obtain qualitative and quantitative data that reveal the process of changing clay matter. Ultrasonic studies made it possible to observe changes in the characteristics of elastic waves when heated. X-ray diffraction analysis made it possible to study mineral associations and phase changes in a substance upon heating. The description of the thin sections made it possible to visualize the transitional stages, to study the lithological and mineral composition. It has been established that the change of clay matter (mud breccia) occurs in several stages – temperature intervals. A comprehensive study of the microstructure of clay rocks (X-ray diffraction analysis and petrographic description of thin sections) made it possible to associate temperature intervals with changes in the microstructure, mineral composition of the rock, and rates of elastic vibrations.
Nauka Yuga Rossii. 2022;18(1):25-37
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STUDY OF THE ROLE OF EMISSIONS FROM ROSTOV NPP IN THE FORMATION OF THE RADIONUCLIDES’ BACKGROUND IN MARINE AND FRESHWATER BODIES IN THE SOUTH OF RUSSIA
Resumo
An independent assessment of the radioactive contamination of the environment of sea and freshwater bodies of water in the zone of influence of the Rostov nuclear power plant was carried out. The modern background of technogenic radionuclides in bottom sediments was studied in the direction of transport of possible emissions by aerosols and water flows. For the study, samples of bottom sediments were taken at the appurtenance area of the Tsimlyansk Reservoir, in the bed of the Lower Don up to the river delta, at the delta-front of the Taganrog Bay of the Sea of Azov, as well as at the north-western shelf of the Caspian Sea. A radiometric analysis of the samples for the content of 137Cs and 90Sr was carried out. The data of reports on the environmental safety of the Rostov nuclear power plant, the results of joint work of the employees of the Murmansk Marine Biological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences and the Southern Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences showed that the concentrations of 137Cs and 90Sr observed in recent years are low and do not pose a threat for the environment and biosphere of water bodies of southern Russia. At the general background, a relative increase of 137Cs concentrations occurs in small silts and clayey silts (particles with a size of 0.05–0.001 mm) at deeper parts of the bottom of the Tsimlyansk Reservoir. This pattern is observed not only in this reservoir, but is characteristic for depressions on the bottom of both northern and southern seas, and the Sea of Azov, in particular. Due to the decay of artificial radioisotopes since the ban on testing in the atmosphere (1963) and since the date of the Chernobyl disaster, the level of radiation pollution of the environment has noticeably decreased (in some cases by 2–3 times) in the northern and southern seas of Russia. However, global atmospheric fallouts of artificial radionuclides persist steadily, as well as the inflow of radionuclides into the atmosphere with gas-aerosol emissions from nuclear power plants, nuclear plant of submarines and other objects. It is recommended to carry out regular seasonal monitoring with sampling of bottom sediments and zoobenthos in water bodies in the zone of influence of the Rostov NPP.
Nauka Yuga Rossii. 2022;18(1):38-45
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GEOECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF THE WATER PROTECTION ZONE OF THE TSIMLYANSK RESERVOIR
Resumo
The objective of the study is a geoecological assessment of the water protection zone of the Tsimlyansk Reservoir. A comprehensive assessment of the water protection zone with total length more than 600 km was carried out. The study was based on the materials of remote surveys carried out using the Phantom 4 Pro and Phantom 4 Advanced unmanned aerial vehicles, and processed in the Agisoft Metashape Professional and ArcGIS software. The materials include photos and videos, as well as orthophotomaps obtained during the office analysis. Databases of the main parameters necessary for carrying out a geoecological assessment have been formed: the degree of erosional dissection, the intensity of abrasion, anthropogenic pressure and anthropogenic load. The article discusses the methods of geoecological assessment by analyzing the parameters presented. The water protection zone on the territory of Oktyabrskiy and Surovikino districts of Volgograd Region was completely surveyed. The entire water protection zone allowed for unmanned aerial vehicles flights within the boundaries of Dubovskoe, Tsimlyansk districts of Rostov Region and Kotelnikovо district of Volgograd Region as well as more than 80% of the territory of Kalachevsky district of Volgograd Region was investigated. The presented schematic maps obtained by analyzing high-precision orthophotomaps allow us to get a full picture of the geoecological state of the Tsimlyansk Reservoir water protection zone including economic activity analysis and its impact to the nature of the investigated territory. As a result of the conducted research, a series of GIS maps reflecting the geoecological indicators of the state of the water protection zone was created: a map of intensity of exogenous geological processes (the rate of destruction of the shores), a map of erosion fragmentation of the water protection zone, anthropogenic pressure map (demographic load), and a map of anthropogenic load, taking into account all types of economic activity in the studied territory. The result of the study is a geoecological assessment of the water protection zone according to the degree of manifestation of dangerous natural and anthropogenic processes.
Nauka Yuga Rossii. 2022;18(1):46-54
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CHANGES IN THE SIZE AND COMPOSITION OF CATCHES IN THE TAGANROG BAY IN THE 21st CENTURY
Resumo
The article analyzes the dynamics of the size and composition of Russian catches in the Taganrog Bay (the Sea of Azov) in the 21st century using fishing statistics and scientific data. The change in the salinity of the waters of the Sea of Azov is described. Although catches in the Taganrog Bay have been declining in recent years, it remains an important fishing area, providing 20–30% of the total annual production in the Sea of Azov. It has been found that catches decrease with a simultaneous increase in the proportion of marine fish proper, such as gobies. It is shown that the share of Black Sea sprat has decreased by more than 3 times over the last two decades. In the last 3–5 years, enhancement of non-fish commercial objects, primarily mollusks – mussels and rapana, has been noted in the conditions of increasing salinity of the Sea of Azov water. It is proposed to increase the production of marine and brackish-water species, to introduce a temporary ban on the fishing of semi-anadromous fish.
Nauka Yuga Rossii. 2022;18(1):55-61
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RARE SPECIES AND CONCENTRATIONS OF BIRDS IN THE TEMRYUK AREA (EASTERN COAST OF THE SEA OF AZOV) IN 2020–2021
Resumo
As a result of ornithological observations in the Temryuk area (Eastern Azov region) in different seasons of 2020–2021 new information was obtained on the presence of 17 species and subspecies of rare and protected birds: the Black-throated loon Gavia arctica arctica (Linnaeus, 1758), Dalmatian pelican Pelecanus crispus Bruch, 1832, Pygmy cormorant Phalacrocorax pygmaeus (Pallas, 1773), Squacco heron Ardeola ralloides ( Scopoli, 1769), Glossy ibis Plegadis falcinellus (Linnaeus, 1766), White-tailed eagle Haliaetus albicilla (Linnaeus, 1758), Red-footed falcon Falco vespertinus Linnaeus, 1766, Common crane Grus grus (Linnaeus, 1758), Black-winged stilt Himantopus himantopus (Linnaeus, 1758), Eurasian oystercatcher Haematopus ostralegus longipes Buturlin, 1910, Black-tailed Godwit Limosa limosa (Linnaeus, 1758), Pallas’s gull Larus ichthyaetus Pallas, 1773, Mediterranean gull Larus melanocephalus Temminck, 1820, Slenderbilled gull Larus genei Brême, 1840, Sandwich tern Thalasseus sandvicensis (Latham, 1787), Caspian tern Hydroprogne caspia (Pallas, 1770), Little tern Sterna albifrons Pallas, 1764. Mixed colonies of the Whiskered tern Chlidonias hybridus (Pallas, 1811), Common tern Sterna hirundo Linnaeus, 1758, and Great crested grebe Podiceps cristatus (Linnaeus, 1758) were found. In mid-March 2021 the anseriformes, as well as Dalmatian pelicans, great cormorants and other species, which stopped migration due to a sharp drop in temperature in the region, have formed large concentrations on the estuaries of the Kuban delta. At the beginning of September 2021, aggregations of the Slender-billed gull, Sandwich tern, which also included great cormorant, the Caspian gull Larus cachinnans Pallas, 1811, blackheaded gull Larus ridibundus Linnaeus, 1766, Caspian and common terns, were found on the coast of the bay, sandbars and islets. At that time, the coot Fulica atra Linnaeus, 1758 began to concentrate on the estuaries. The diversity of habitats in the area of Temryuk Bay is a valuable natural resource that supports the species diversity of birds in different seasons. During the migration period, sandy spits and islands are a refuge for breeding and migratory species and contribute to maintaining the number of Ciconiiformes, Charadriiformes et al. Sea shallow bays are a feeding habitat for waterfowl and seabirds, and estuaries are a nesting, feeding and resting place during the migration period for numerous waterfowl, grebes, herons, swans, geese, ducks, waders, gulls and terns. In summer, the estuaries Bolshoy Chervonny, Maly Chervonny and Dolgiy have well-developed “meadows” of underwater vegetation, which serve as a nesting habitat for whiskered terns, common terns and grebes. Concentrations of birds form during the non-breeding season on most of the surveyed estuaries. A special role is played by the agricultural branch of rice cultivation with a system of irrigation canals, overgrown with reeds, and paddy fields flooded with water, which attract many bird species, including Black-winged stilt and Glossy ibis. Some of the species subject to protection, in particular the Squacco heron and Glossy ibis, show relative resistance to the disturbance factor in places of recreation, near road.
Nauka Yuga Rossii. 2022;18(1):62-71
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The III International Scientific Conference “Regularities of Formation and Impact of Marine and Atmospheric Hazardous Phenomena and Disasters on the Coastal Zone of the Russian Federation under the Conditions of Global Climatic and Industrial Challenges” in memory of Corresponding Member RAS D.G. Matishov (Rostov-on-Don, 15–19 June 2021)
Resumo
В XXI веке наблюдаются крупные природные аномалии: волны холода на юге России, усиление штормовой активности в Азово-Черноморье, возникновение экстремальных паводков в бассейнах дальневосточных и европейских морей. Необходимы накопление фундаментальных знаний, создание новых теорий и формирование единой информационной базы данных с целью предупреждения разрушительных последствий цунами, смерчей, боры, ураганных штормов, нагонов и наводнений, изменчивой вдольбереговой литодинамики, сулоя и других феноменов, аномальных изменений уровня моря, солености, радиационного и сероводородного заражения, биологических инвазий, красных приливов и заморов; изучение взаимосвязи Сибирского антициклона с Гольфстримом и Северной Пацификой при формировании опасных природных явлений в прибрежной зоне. Это послужит обеспечению безопасности значимых объектов: Керченского и других мостов, гражданских портов и военно-морских баз, навигационных и инженерных сооружений, подводных трубопроводов, черноморских спортивных и рекреационных комплексов, ферм аквакультуры. Необходима поддержка береговых и морских экспедиционных работ с применением стандартных и новых методов: томографии водной среды и дна, съемок с беспилотных летательных аппаратов, дистанционного зондирования Земли, океанографических съемок с акцентом на вековые разрезы (Кольский меридиан и др.).
Nauka Yuga Rossii. 2022;18(1):72-78
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All-Russian joint conference “Ecology. Economy. Informatics”
Resumo
С 6 по 11 сентября 2021 г. в пос. Абрау-Дюрсо, г. Новороссийск проходила Всероссийская объединенная конференция «Экология. Экономика. Информатика». Организаторы конференции – Федеральный исследовательский центр Южный научный центр Российской академии наук (ЮНЦ РАН, г. Ростов-на-Дону), Южный федеральный университет (ЮФУ, г. Ростов-на-Дону), ПАО «Новошип» (г. Новороссийск).
Nauka Yuga Rossii. 2022;18(1):79-80
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International scientific conference “Birds of prey in anthropogenic, natural and quasi-natural landscapes: current challenges and trends”
Resumo
VIII Международная конференция Рабочей группы по хищным птицам Северной Евразии «Хищные птицы в антропогенных, природных и квазиприродных ландшафтах: современные вызовы и тренды», посвященная памяти Александра Ивановича Шепеля, прошла в Воронежском государственном природном биосферном заповеднике им. В.М. Пескова 20–25 сентября 2021 г., через 5 лет после предыдущей конференции (Сочи, 2016).
Nauka Yuga Rossii. 2022;18(1):81-84
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Scientific conferences planned for 2022 in the Southern Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Nauka Yuga Rossii. 2022;18(1):85-86
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70-year anniversary of Professor V.I. Shcheglov
Resumo
18 декабря 2021 г. доктору геолого-минералогических наук, профессору Владимиру Ивановичу Щеглову исполнилось 70 лет. Он широко известен научной общественности как специалист в области теоретических основ, методологии и компьютерных и, прежде всего, ГИС-технологий, является автором более 150 научных работ, в том числе 2 монографий и 7 учебников и учебных пособий.
Nauka Yuga Rossii. 2022;18(1):87-88
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