Urban Сonstruction and Architecture

The developed method for assessing fi re resistance relates to the fi eld of fi re safety of buildings and structures and can be used to classify a reinforced concrete column of circular cross-section according to fi re resistance indicators. The essence of the proposed solution is to assess the design limit of fi re resistance of a reinforced concrete column of circular cross-section for the loss of bearing capacity under fi re conditions according to a set of single quality indicators without direct testing. The description of the process of resistance of a reinforced concrete column to fi re impact is presented by a mathematical relationship that takes into account the dimensions of the cross-section of the column, the degree of reinforcement, the intensity of force stresses, the normative strength of concrete to the resistance to axial compression and the rate of thermal diff usion of concrete. To determine the fi re resistance limit of a reinforced concrete column with a circular cross-section, an analytical expression that combines all the described indicators is proposed. The proposed method for determining fi re resistance refers to a thermal strength problem, which makes it possible to determine the fi re resistance of a reinforced concrete column of circular cross-section without full-scale fi re exposure, and reduces economic costs.

The article presents the results of the fi nal series of tests on the study of ways to increase the corrosion resistance of reinforced concrete structures with primary protection in the form of an addition of acetone-formaldehyde resin ACF-75 and with secondary protection with a two-component resin Binder EP 11 Tikso. An analysis of the change in the adhesion strength of secondary protection elements with a concrete surface after exposure to sulfuric and nitric acid, as well as the eff ect of the presence of a preliminary primer on a concrete surface on the intensity of adhesion change is presented. Conclusions are drawn about the possibility of using a two-component resin Binder EP 11 Tikso as a secondary protection against corrosion destruction of concrete in the process of reinforcing reinforced concrete structures operating in environments containing sulfuric and nitric acids.

In this article, hydraulic and technological ways of increasing the effi ciency of the water supply system for high-rise buildings are considered in order to improve the effi ciency of water supply and distribution in a given projected facility. The operational, technological and feasibility analysis of the applicability of modern pumps to improve the effi ciency of water supply systems in high-rise buildings has been completed. Cascade water supply technologies are justifi ed with the aim of regulating the hydraulic regime in the water supply system of high-rise buildings. The operational features of water supply systems of high - rise buildings, the factors infl uencing water and resource saving, the effi ciency of pump installations and the peculiarities of their regulation are substantiated.

The article is devoted to the analysis of the architectural and urbanistic theory of Aldo Rossi. The historical context of the development of the theory and urban planning problems of the 1960s, which determined the appearance of the book, are considered. The main directions in the development of urbanistic ideas of modernism are described, in particular, the transition from city to city-region and the idea of the city as an open and dynamic structure. The arguments of Rossi in favor of urban architecture and sustainability are analyzed. Particular att ention is paid to the urban fact - a key concept of Rossi’s theory, thanks to which urban planning returned to the sphere of culture and art. The concept of type proposed by Rossi as an alternative to modernist typology is investigated. The article deals with theoretical sources that the architect uses as the basis for constructing his theory. The contribution of Rossi to the theory of the city and architecture is determined.

The key aspects of Russian wooden temple architecture a reconsidered. Analyzed are wooden churches of the XVIII-XX centuries of the Samara region. Examples of surviving temples are given, which had a great infl uence on the historical and cultural heritage of the region. A project is proposed for the restoration of the wooden church of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God in the village of Pokrovka. In order to identify the lost elements of the temple, the analysis of archival data and similar wooden temples of the Samara region is carried out. Similar temporal, stylistic, constructive, planning features of the temples are considered. Based on the analysis performed, a model of theoretical and graphic reconstruction of the temple of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God in the village of Pokrovka is being built. The role of Russian Orthodox wooden architecture in world culture is determined.

The article is devoted to the architecture of the preserved historical buildings of the consular offi ces of Shenyang City in Liaoning Province during the fi rst half of the 20th century. During the period under review, consulates of countries such as Britain, France, Japan, Germany, Italy, America and Russia were opened. In the process of research, four surviving objects were identifi ed, in which Japan, Germany and France were located. Their compositional and stylistic analysis with a brief historical description is carried out. In particular, it was determined that mainly buildings selected as consular offi ces or built directly for them were located in the central administrative region. Currently, the preserved objects are included in the list of monuments of the architectural heritage of Shenyang. The reported study was funded by RFBR, project number № 20-012-00316

The probabilistic regularities in the principles of functional diff erentiation of ordered structures that arise in the process of human space exploration are analyzed. The authors provide the rationale for the ten-element functional model in the context of the wave approach of D.V. Denisov and the fractal-cluster model. Comparable results were obtained for the administrative division into inner-city districts, the structure of tram routes, and the distribution of premises of a Russian university. The analysis is carried out on the example of Samara and Samara State University of Railways.

The article considers the features of the functional planning structure transformation of North American megalopolises in the context of the construction of inland railways. The subject of inquiry is the territories of the sett lement system formation in North America from the beginning of colonial invasions, where the interests of Great Britain, France and Spain intersected to the current stage of megacities. There is investigated the infl uence of railway transport on the development of megacities in North America. The subject of research is the Canadian Pacifi c Railroad and the US Transcontinental Railroad, which contributed to the countries urbanization and industrialization. The prerequisites for the transformation of suburban areas were the intensity of labor, cultural, household and industrial links between the center and the periphery in the meridional and latitudinal directions, formation of new kind of scientifi c and industrial complexes, multi-nodes, its infl uence on the functional planning structure of suburban areas and outskirts of megacities. The article introduces the concept of “multi-node”. Multi-nodes are multifunctional urban development complexes with transport infrastructure and engineering facilities which form a complex of terminals for goods transshipment and passengers transferring from one kind of transport to another, as well as public spaces integrated into the urban environment, scientifi c and innovative enterprises with full autonomy and communication that provides the megalopolis with energy resources. Multi-node complexes are located closely to each other and form an integral group, most often around the near-airport territories. This group may not have clear planning boundaries in the form of streets, driveways, fences, and so on. The purpose of the research is to study the sequence of the functional and planning structure formation of the city in dynamics. At the initial stage, from the linear structure of the city along the railway to a more complex ray system, and in the future - the formation of the ring type planning structures, that provide switching of traffi c fl ows on all azimuths directions. It is planning to be constructed a theoretical model of interaction between subcentres and multi-nodes in the suburban zones of intracontinental megacities.

Сluster bases of urban development of scientifi c and innovative complexes of science cities and research centers based on small cities as a related socio-economic and urban development system of the innovation complex of the Moscow region are considered. This article raises general research questions based on the most available data for studying the science cities of the Moscow region.