Urban construction and architecture

The results of the study of eccentrically compressed reinforced concrete elements of an annular section are compared in terms of strength characteristics. The analysis carried out basically contains the use of a non-linear deformation model, which brings the behavior of concrete closer to real experimental conditions. A comparative analysis of the results of calculating the strength of reinforced concrete elements of an annular section according to the method proposed in the current set of rules, the author's program for determining the stress-strain state of a reinforced concrete column of an annular section, implemented in the MathCad software environment, and a numerical experiment in the Lira-SAPR software package is given. Calculations and schemes are given taking into account the possibility of conducting an experimental study.

The errors that occurred during the design of a channelless heat network and led to defects in the process of functioning of the heat supply system are considered and analyzed. To determine the cause of defects, the work performed was checked for compliance with the adopted design decisions, as well as an analysis of the design decisions themselves. It was found that the cause of defects during operation are errors in the adopted design decisions.

The conditions of operation of ultra–small sewage treatment plants SWTP - 30 with membrane technology located at a warehouse production facility in the Arctic of Russia with coordinates 67.4973, 86.3261 are considered. The parameters of the SWTP operation are explained after the modernization to supplement the cleaning scheme with a secondary clarifier.

The article discusses the basic laws of contact hydrodynamics, which studies complex phenomena occurring in the lubricating layer separating the elastically deformable surfaces of various parts, and thus solves the complex problem of hydrodynamics, elasticity theory, thermodynamics, rheology of lubricants and materials science. For a long time, contact hydrodynamics was considered a secondary direction in hydraulic engineering, however, the main aspects of contact hydrodynamics allow determining the thickness of the lubricating layer in the elastic metal-plastic segments of the hydraulic unit bearings, ensuring the reliability and durability of their operation. Thus, contact hydrodynamics allowed us to gain a positive experience of long-term operational tests of elastic metal-plastic segments in the supports of hydraulic units of the largest hydroelectric power plants. In addition, contact hydrodynamics solved the problem of transferring all hydraulic units of large hydroelectric power plants of the country from rigid babbit supports to elastic composite ones; and all newly built hydro generators should be equipped with elastic segments of a new design.

The possibilities of placing erection cranes in cramped conditions are considered. The factors for determining the type of crane and the conditions for its operation at the construction site are given. The principles of determining the conditions of tightness of the construction site in accordance with the regulatory documentation are shown. The possibilities of limiting the boundaries of the dangerous zone of the crane are considered. The designs of various cranes are analyzed from the point of view of their placement in cramped conditions. Data are given on the features of the use of bottom-slewing and top-slewing tower cranes in the construction of civil buildings of different heights. The possibility of replacing tower cranes with fast-mounted ones during the construction of low-rise public buildings is being considered. Recommendations are given on the placement of cranes of various designs, the definition of the technological sequence of the construction of the building.

In this paper, using the example of residential buildings on Telyachyaya Street (now Gogol Street) located in Nizhny Novgorod, we analyze the features of the use of “exemplary” projects, the influence of the system of exemplary projects on the formation of the architectural appearance of the street and on the creation of a harmonious image of the street as a whole. The potential for preserving and restoring residential buildings of the 19th century is estimated.

The article compares the revenue houses of the architect A. Shcherbachev, built for the merchant D.E. Chelyshev at the end of the XIX century in Samara. At the moment, most of these houses are in disrepair or have been lost, so it is necessary to collect all available information on these architectural monuments in order to understand the principles and patterns of architect A. Shcherbachev's design, including the first revenue buildings in Samara, for their preservation and restoration. The facade solutions of each of the structures are compared. All of them were built in the "neo-Russian style", of red brick without the use of plaster. It is possible to note the gradual evolution of the style from the first house to the last, as well as the similarity in the layout of apartment buildings. In addition, the article contains a brief historical background that helps to understand the causes of apartment buildings, their features in the design.

The paper deals with the current topic of improving industrial construction methods, which include prefabricated and prefabricated monolithic technologies for the construction of buildings. It is emphasized that, despite a number of indisputable advantages of these technologies, there are also disadvantages concerning, first of all, the architectural uniformity of the facades. In this regard, both in precast and in precast-monolithic technologies, the most interesting are the features of the formation of facade structures, which have a direct impact on the architectural appearance of the building and its aesthetic appeal. Therefore, the purpose of the study is to analyze the current level of development of the production of prefabricated reinforced concrete facade systems both in domestic and foreign industrial housing construction. It was revealed that one of the promising directions for increasing the aesthetic appeal of facade panels is the use of architectural precast concrete. The characteristic features of this innovative material are presented and examples of industries on which the direction of production of various products using architectural prefabricated reinforced concrete is actively developing are given.

The authors analyzed the objects of architecture and design, in the design of which the technique of art perforation is used. The types of composite structures of the perforation pattern are differentiated: geometrical, bionic, pattern-symbol. The principles of interaction of perforated plane with light flux in the modeling of architectural form are considered. The authors made an analogy between the diffraction grating and perforation as identical structures of the physical and optical laws of light beam operation and described the experiment of the interaction of luminous flux, a perforated plane with different types of composite structures of the pattern and simple geometric shapes. The conclusions are made about the extensive compositional and artistic possibilities of receiving an artistic perforation.

The article raises the issues of annihilation of places without a direct function in the urban space in the context of the implementation of standards for the development of territories and the desire for their mass replication. In view of the widespread perception of urban wastelands with a negative connotation, the article explores the understanding of the category of void in architectural theory and practice on a positive basis. The differences between the attitude to space as an object in the modernist design method and void as the subject of the modern postmodernist method are described. The properties and values of void are considered in order to return subject-subject relations to void as a value, to clarify its potential for introduction into the project method as a category that has significant axiological properties in comparison with space. Rehabilitating the repressed meaning of void is seen as the key to major professional change. It is proposed to consider void as an integral part of poetic experience and as a manifesto of a new form of architecture.

The article attempts, based on the experience of the Innovative Design Chair of SamSTU and LLC "Smirnov Design", to formulate a simple and understandable recipe for launching an entrepreneurial project for students, using the time and opportunities of studying at the university for this purpose. Within the framework of this article, the authors, based on their own experience, attempt to clarify the well-known model of launching an entrepreneurial project, which would take into account the specifics of the participation of university teachers and students in the project. The authors of the article sincerely believe that the proposed model of interaction between education and business can significantly improve the effectiveness of education at the university, while reducing the costs and risks of entrepreneurs. The relevance of involving universities in entrepreneurial projects is explained on the one hand by the need to modernize and transform the educational process, and on the other hand by the need to reduce the burden and minimize risks for small and medium-sized businesses.

The intensive development of the transport infrastructure of the largest cities in the world creates urban planning problems associated with the search for new solutions for street and off-street transport systems, as well as the street and road network in combination with public buildings that are part of the city’s public service system. New solutions require effective interconnection of “flat” development of urban areas at the ground level and “spatial” development of aboveground and underground levels, which would provide a rational architectural and planning organization of the components of the territory and types of buildings and structures of territorial-spatial objects. These components and types include urban areas near the station and station complexes, in the architectural environment of which a large number of local people and those who come from other cities move on a daily basis. Features and specifics of the inclusion of underground space in the planning structure of these components and types, affecting the comfortable stay of people in them, are considered in this work.

The study analyzes aspects of the impact of high-density development on the periphery of the largest cities. The relevance of the study is dictated by the current situation of large-scale housing construction on the border of St. Petersburg and adjacent districts, which create preconditions for a further reduction in the area of ​​forest areas and an increase in the recreational load on the preserved natural objects. The aim of the study is to develop scientifically grounded recommendations for the functional planning development of the buffer zone between the built-up, subject to development and natural territory in the suburban areas of St. Petersburg in order to preserve the ecological balance of the territory.