Vol 15, No 4 (2025)

The study revealed changes in the physico-mechanical properties of larch after heat treatment. It has been established that heat treatment improves the resistance of wood to biological influences and reduces its moisture absorption. The change in strength characteristics confirms the effectiveness of using thermalized larch in construction and other industries. Experimental analysis methods were used in the work, including the preparation of wood samples, testing of strength, rigidity and resistance to external influences. Analytical approaches were also used to process and interpret the data obtained, which allowed us to draw conclusions about the effect of heat treatment on the properties of larch.

A structural system of a prefabricated monolithic frame is presented, effectively using the constructive and technological capabilities of this type of housing construction, which is based on the construction of the building in stages. At the 1st stage, the elements of the prefabricated part of the frame are installed. At the 2nd stage, with the onset of positive ambient temperatures, monolithic concrete is laid on the entire frame simultaneously or in grippers. As part of the 1st stage, the assembled prefabricated part of the frame independently perceives the loads characteristic of the construction stage - the own weight of the prefabricated parts, the weight of the additionally supported prefabricated elements, as well as the weight of the homologation concrete. The spatial rigidity of the frame is ensured by the rigid coupling of the columns with the foundation. The prefabricated parts of the crossbars with the columns are connected pivotally. If necessary, temporary mounting links are installed. At the 2nd stage, after monolithic concrete sets the required strength, the frame becomes prefabricated, has higher strength and rigidity, and is able to withstand the remaining loads of the construction stage (the weight of floor structures, partitions, curtain walls and partitions, etc.) and the loads of the operation stage. The hinge joint of the bolt with the column becomes rigid, and temporary connections, if installed, are dismantled. Experimental studies have been conducted and presented, the feature of which was the phased installation and loading of prefabricated and monolithic parts of a flat frame. These studies have confirmed the constructive and technological effectiveness of the proposed structural system of a prefabricated monolithic frame.

The article describes an innovative technical solution for the structural thermal protection of cast-iron supports during the reconstruction of the building of the Academy of Construction and Architecture of SSTU (building N. 12). The novelty of the reconstruction of the load-bearing support lies in the fact that elements of a volumetric reinforcing frame are attached to the existing cast-iron bearing support, round in cross-section, with further filling with light flame-retardant concrete. Based on calculation methods, the required thickness of the structural fire protection coating made of light concrete is determined based on the physical properties of the materials and the heating conditions of the cast-iron support in case of fire. Schemes of reinforcement of the flame-retardant coating of the head and the middle part of the reconstructed cast-iron support, the composition of the flame-retardant layer of concrete, as well as recommendations for the design of fire protection of cast-iron supports are proposed.

The objective of this article is to consider the processes of complete and incomplete combustion of gas in the combustion chamber of a boiler unit, the amount and composition of combustion products, proposals for converting these products into chemically useful substances and their further use. A corresponding option for reconstructing the gas path of a boiler room is proposed.

The univariate dynamics of infiltration of a layer of liquid falling on the ground into a porous soil is considered. A differential infiltration equation is obtained, taking into account both the viscosity and the inertia of the liquid at the same time. The numerical solution of this differential equation is carried out for some of the most common types of man-made soils. It is shown that in the case of zero initial velocity of a liquid lying on the ground, the effect of inertia of the liquid is insignificant and the approximation of an inertialess liquid (Darcy equation) can be used in calculations. In the case of a high collision velocity of liquid and soil at the initial stage, infiltration has the character of an almost instantaneous “injection” of liquid into the soil. During this injection, the liquid is inhibited and further infiltration proceeds in a “non-inertial” mode.

The problems of environmental pollution due to the operation of motor transport enterprises and as a result of pollution of vehicles at construction sites are considered. Environmental impact factors during construction are described. The main wastewater pollutants are shown. The main pollutants, such as petroleum products, are indicated. The process of formation and accumulation of pollutants in the drains of automobile enterprises and in construction industries is shown. Photographic materials of contaminated waste water after washing vehicles are presented. The concentrations of the main pollutants formed after washing cars and buses are indicated. recirculating water supply technology is proposed for waste water treatment and recirculation of treated water for vehicle washing before and after sorption treatment.

The work is dedicated to the development of a technology for manufacturing multi-layer steel samples, which in structure resembles Damascus steel but with one key difference: the carbon in the steel structure is represented not only by graphite but also by geometrically distributed inclusions of carbon fiber fragments. The incorporation of carbon fiber into the structure is achieved using a nickel-carbon fiber catalyst, which is embedded into multi-layer steel packets for forging. Notably, in the obtained multi-layer steel samples, carbon is present not only in the form of graphite but also in the form of carbon nanotubes, which are part of the original carbon fiber used to produce the nickel-carbon fiber catalyst. The primary prospect for the development of this method of producing Damascus steel lies in creating a new material suitable for use in construction-grade serial metal rolling.

This article is devoted to the study of the role of document statuses in standardizing information exchange within Common Data Environments (CDE). In today’s world of design and construction, where digitalization and automation are paramount, standardization is a key factor for effective interaction between organizations and users of information systems. Document statuses are an important element in standardizing information exchange in CDEs. Statuses ensure transparency and traceability of document development stages; they help reduce errors and conflicts and improve collaboration among participants in construction projects. The article examines the role of document statuses in standardizing information exchange in the construction industry, their classification, and purpose. ISO 19650 and BS 1192 standards define four information management zones: WIP, SHARED, PUBLISHED, and ARCHIVE. Theoretical foundations of these statuses, their practical application in CDEs, and a proposed methodology for standardizing information exchange in CDEs are also explored.

In conditions of stagnation in the recycling segment, excessive accumulation of industrial waste in Russia has approached threatening ranges. The current environmental situation requires the development of preferred environmental conditions for the life of Russians, which must become state fundamental priorities. The accumulation of industrial waste in Russia destructively stimulates the level of economic growth, which, according to experts, decreases annually by 4–6 % of GDP. A study of expanded clay with a 5–10 mm fraction has shown that the preferred grade compositions that deserve attention are compositions containing 30 % of argillite–like waste from coal enrichment flotation, the further increase of which does not meet the conditions for frost resistance. Studies have shown that porosity on the exterior, unlike the interior, is small, i.e. carbon enrichment waste contributes to the formation of closed pores in the porous filler, which increase the technical performance of expanded clay.

The article is devoted to the study of the development of Frank Gehry’s design approach during his work on a series of individual residential buildings in the 1960s-1980s. The article identifies the factors influencing his work. The conditions of his projects at that time – urban and artistic contexts - are analyzed. The article describes the uniqueness of the Los Angeles urban environment, which became a source of inspiration for the architect, determining the compositional structures of the objects. The specificity of the Californian art community, which became an incentive for Gehry to create his architectural language, is revealed. The architectural and planning features of six buildings, their aesthetic qualities and means of artistic expression, turning each object into a work of art, are considered.

The article provides information about the organization of the Special Design Bureau (SPB-1) of Giproaviaprom in 1940 to design a complex of aircraft factories and Bezymyanka residential area in Kuibyshev. The Moscow period of work of the special bureau from the moment of its creation to its evacuation to Kuibyshev at the beginning of the Great Patriotic War is considered. The main tasks, organizational structure and design features of the special bureau, determined by the need for rapid production of a large volume of working documentation for construction are considered.

This article examines the problem of criminality of the urban environment, the connection of criminal incidents with the features of the layout of the area and individual urban planning and architectural factors, such as the tracing of streets, the arrangement of transport and pedestrian paths, the location of entrances to buildings and others. The research is based on environmental criminology, which appeared as a branch of general criminology. The author examines its influence on architecture and urban planning, the most important principles, their use in subsequent research and the impact on the layout of modern cities. The latest foreign examples of research in this field have been studied. The current state of environmental criminology and promising areas of development are described.

The article deals with the development of communal facilities and special purpose zones, the impact of historical, political, social, and economic changes on the expansion of communal functions and the specifics of their placement in the urban planning structure of the city of Orenburg. The analysis of archival graphic materials is given, revealing patterns of placement of objects of the municipal complex of the city by year. The results of the analysis of the evolution of the environment of the communal complex with the identification of their share in the overall balance of urban areas are presented.

Social, urban planning, environmental, economic levers are considered to form a new residential area with infrastructure that meets the modern needs of citizens. Particular attention is paid to the reconstruction and adaptation of industrial infrastructure for the needs of residential construction, as well as the need to create a comfortable urban environment for future residents. Historical data on the evolution of the industrial area selected for the design of the residential area is presented. There is a need for territorial resources for reasonable reasonable placement of residential, public and pedestrian transport infrastructure. Different aspects of redevelopment are shown, including the ability to generate income for the local population, create jobs and contribute to their socio-economic development.

The article considers the problem of insufficient development of sanatorium and recreational infrastructure in large cities, using the example of Volgograd. The prospect of using small river valleys as a key resource for the formation of sanatoriums and recreation zones, contributing to improve the quality of life of citizens is justified. The aim of the study is to justify the possibility and necessity of formation of sanatorium-recreational infrastructure in the valleys of small rivers of Volgograd. The article formulates factors influencing the development of sanatorium and recreational areas in small river valleys, develops recommendations and strategies for the organization of sanatorium and recreational infrastructure in small river valleys, as well as an illustration of the proposed recommendations using the example of a pilot architectural project for a thermal bath complex.