Urban construction and architecture

One of the significant disadvantages of a drilling pile, which appears during the construction of a well and leads to a decrease in its bearing capacity, is the accumulation of drilling mud at the bottom of the well. This article discusses the author’s technology to increase the bearing capacity of drilling piles by injecting expanding polymer resins under their lower end. The result of the interaction of chemical reagents and its consequences when injecting polymer resins into the soil are described. The methodology of a laboratory experiment to study the possibility of hardening the soil base under the lower end of a drilling pile using expanding resin on physical models in a laboratory tray and its results are presented. The methodology of the field (full-scale) experiment and its results are presented. Comparative tests on the site with a static pressure load of two concrete drilling piles with a ground polymer broadening under the lower end and without a broadening (control) showed a significant increase in the bearing capacity of the drilling pile on the ground due to the device of a ground polymer broadening under the heel of the pile.

The article presents a calculation method for determining the thermal conductivity coefficient of sandless keramzite concrete both in a dry state and under operating conditions. Based on experimental data on the thermal conductivity of six grades of sandless keramzite concrete in the density range from 200 to 700 kg/m³, conducted at the Samara State Technical University’s laboratory for thermal testing, an approximating linear dependence was obtained for determining the thermal conductivity coefficient in a dry state. The average value of the thermotechnical quality factor for sandless keramzite concrete was found using experimental values of the thermal conductivity coefficients under operating conditions A and B, obtained in laboratory conditions. It amounted to η = 0,027, which is significantly lower than that of foam concrete (η = 0,04). The derived analytical relationship for finding the thermal conductivity coefficient of sandless keramzite concrete is recommended for use in performing thermal calculations of building envelope structures.

The absorption of an inviscid liquid into a porous soil is considered. It is shown that even in the case of zero viscosity, the porous medium exerts some resistance to liquid absorption, that is, the absorption time of the inviscid liquid into the porous soil turns out to be non-zero in contradiction with Darcy’s theory. Nevertheless, in most practically important cases, the absorption time of an inviscid liquid turns out to be negligible in comparison with Darcy’s theory. The conclusion is made about the applicability of Darcy’s theory for calculating the absorption of liquid into the soil.

The paper considers the issue of improving the properties of shotcrete mixtures used for the repair of sewage treatment plants and hydraulic structures by introducing the additive ACF-75. The change in the strength characteristics of the resulting shotcrete was checked. To assess the effect of the plasticizing additive ACF-75 on shotcrete mixtures, samples from formulations with different percentages of this additive were prepared. Further, after hardening under normal conditions for 28 days, a series of concrete samples were tested for such physical and mechanical parameters as compressive strength, frost resistance, and water resistance.

Approaches to the formation of multidimensional urban classification as a way of production and presentation of scientific information are outlined. Such classification is developed for ecoparks - specialized objects of landscape architecture, park forestry, landscape urban protection, - instances of regional strategy and urban planning. On this basis the modern tendencies of creation of these innovative landscape and urban planning forms are revealed, their basic subtypes are established, as well as the peculiarities of design of the latter. Theoretical and verbal models are developed for each of the subtypes. The general regularities of the formation of ecoparks of different subtypes, fixed by the stable correlations of their qualitative and quantitative characteristics, are determined.

The article examines international, Russian and regional experience in the construction of sports facilities in the historical environment of cities. Examples of various practices for organizing sports and recreational areas and practices for constructing various types of sports facilities are given. The popular functional scenarios and planning features have been identified. Modern principles and approaches to the design and construction of sports facilities have been identified: recreational component, entertainment component, sociocultural component, innovative approach, multifunctionality, taking into account urban planning regulations of the historical environment, adaptation to the historical environment, and others. The article identifies successful global practices applicable to the conditions of the historical environment of large Russian cities and provides recommended parameters for these objects.

The creation of modern school facilities using innovative approaches is a pressing issue in modern education. In the context of rapid technological development and changing requirements for the educational environment, it is necessary to create school buildings that will promote student development and meet modern educational standards. The article discusses the pressing issue of creating modern educational organizations using innovative approaches. In addition to functional planning solutions for school buildings, various design aspects are analyzed: the use of advanced technologies, convenience for students and teachers, energy efficiency and environmental friendliness, safety. During the study, the features of the organization and functional filling of school building spaces were studied. Various innovative solutions used in the design of modern schools are considered in detail. As a result of the theoretical analysis of world experience in designing school buildings, including various functional planning and technological solutions, the types of innovations are systematized, in particular, the relevance and possibility of applying innovative solutions in Russia are considered. Based on the data obtained, a concept is proposed and approaches to the design and construction of school facilities are defined, taking into account modern educational requirements and standards.

The article considers the methodology of renovation of historical quarters of Samara based on standard block modules, which is based on the idea of preserving the “Samara Yard” as an architectural and planning unit of the quarter. To replace the dilapidated intra-quarter development, it is proposed to use a typology of small-sized residential buildings from standard block modules (a point house, a block house, a gallery house and a house with a stairwell and elevator block), designed on the basis of a small-sized universal frame. The contextual variability of architectural planning and design solutions for the proposed typology of houses is considered. The project renovation program is based on architectural solutions that allow reproducing the features of the historically established way of life that influenced the formation of the unique architectural environment of the Samara Yard.

The article is devoted to the concept of preserving and developing the architectural environment of the historical quarters of a large city ‒ the capital of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia ‒ the city of Riyadh in a functioning citywide center. The Diriyah Project is seen as a major initiative in a historic district located on the outskirts of Riyadh. The goal of the project is to restore and revive Diria as a cultural and tourist destination, while preserving its rich history. Diriyah has great historical and cultural significance for the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. It was the original home of the Al Saud royal family and the first capital of the first Saudi state in the 18th century. The project aims to create a balance between preserving the historical integrity of Diria and providing modern amenities and amenities to attract visitors. One of the most striking features of the Diriya project is the Diriya Gate project, which aims to transform the historical district into a world-class cultural and lifestyle center. The Diriyah Gate project includes the restoration of many historic sites, such as the UNESCO World Heritage Site of Al-Turaif, as well as the construction of museums, art galleries, restaurants, shops and entertainment venues.

This article examines the principles of forming an architectural and ethnographic museum complex in a low-urbanized area using territorial planning tools. It is based on a proposal for a design and theoretical model of an architectural and ethnographic museum complex, which reflects the functional zoning of the territory, as well as the structure of the architectural and ethnographic museum complex as an urban development object with classification by type and composition. The results of the study are used as justification for planning and urban development proposals for a design site within the boundaries of a municipality. The effectiveness of the principles was tested using the example of a study of tourist infrastructure in the Tikhvin and Boksitogorsk districts of the Leningrad Region for the purpose of designing a Vepsian architectural and ethnographic museum complex.

The series of articles reveals the peculiarities of the architecture of a unique type of educational institution of the Soviet period - the Factory Apprenticeship School (FZU), which laid the foundation for the formation of the educational system in the USSR. The first article deals with the prerequisites for the emergence of such types of buildings in the pre-revolutionary period, as well as the stages of the formation of new types of buildings of FZU schools in connection with the formation and development of the system of vocational education in the 1920s and 1930s. The changes in attitudes towards this type of buildings and their architecture during the period of their development and against the background of certain social values are considered. It raises the question of rethinking the accumulated experience of creating a new type of educational building and its development in the light of the emergence of the modern idea of building ‘educational factories’.

The article is devoted to the problems of the development of science in the space of Russian capitals in the first half of the 19th century. The working conditions of scientists during this historical period are characterized. The diversity of urban objects that have become places for scientific research is noted (academies, higher educational institutions, institutes, observatories, botanical gardens, museums, libraries and other scientific objects). Much attention is paid to the consideration of the largest objects - the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences and Moscow University. The relationship between the age of the city, the ways of its development and the spatial organization of scientific research is analyzed. The influence of processes occurring in the field of research activity on the placement of scientific objects is also analyzed. The reasons for their concentration in central urban areas are determined. There is a tendency to create objects that are incompatible with dense urban development on the periphery and outside cities.