Vol 4, No 1 (2023)

BACKGROUND: Nutritional support, including oral nutrition supplements, is an integral part of anticancer treatment, including during surgical treatment of non-small cell lung cancer. Existing evidence for the effectiveness of nutritional support in this cohort of patients is limited. We suggest that the perioperative administration of a balanced polymeric hypercaloric high-protein enteral nutritional formula by sipping as an additional nutrition can have a positive effect on the results of surgical treatment.

AIMS: 1) to assess the impact of perioperative nutritional support with high-protein oral nutrition supplements on the risk of postoperative complications, postoperative recovery of respiratory functions, nutritional status and quality of life in patients with primary lung cancer; 2) identification of possible side effects and complications when using high-protein high-energy oral nutrition supplements in patients with non-small cell lung cancer.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Russian prospective, randomised, multicenter low-intervention study of perioperative effect of high-protein nutritional support on postoperative outcomes in the treatment of primary lung cancer with parallel groups, 1:1 randomization. The study will include 114 patients with primary non-small cell lung cancer who are scheduled for surgery. It is expected to provide nutritional support in the perioperative period for 14 days before surgery and for 14 days after it.

CONCLUSION: The present study may become one of the first evidence-based studies confirming the effectiveness of perioperative nutritional support with high-protein mixtures in patients with non-small cell lung cancer and will allow further study of the strategy of nutritional support in this category of patients.

BACKGROUND: The ability to adhere to the intestinal epithelium is a classic criterion for the selection of potential probiotic bacteria, which can lead to temporary colonization, which will promote immunomodulatory effects, as well as stimulate the intestinal barrier and metabolic functions.

AIM: To develop a comprehensive method of selection of highly active probiotic microorganisms capable of proliferation and complementation of the autochthonous intestinal microflora of an individual.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this research paper, several methods of selection of probiotic microorganisms are considered in order to determine the most useful and proliferative strains for subsequent use in clinical practice in the correction of metabolic disorders and relief of inflammatory processes of the gastrointestinal tract. The degree of adhesion of bacterial strains of probiotics was determined according to the standard methods described in the Guidelines of MUC 4.2.2602–10. When determining the adhesive activity of lactic acid bacteria on cell cultures, the cell culture was grown on a six-hole plate before the formation of a monolayer.

RESULTS: A scheme for selecting promising probiotics by the level of adhesive activity of strains belonging to the most commonly used types of microbial cultures in clinical practice has been developed. The indicators of the degree of adhesion of lactic acid bacteria in the range from 2.8 to 5.1, and the yeast probiotic strain S. cerevisiae var were determined.boulardii at 1.9. When assessing the adhesion of probiotic bacteria in vitro using mucin adsorbed on abiotic surfaces and carcinogenic human cell lines such as CaСo-2 and HT-29, NCM460, lactic acid bacteria also showed high results.

CONCLUSION: All strains of lactic acid bacteria used showed high or average adhesion to sheep blood erythrocyte cells, which confirms the probiotic potential of these types of cultures and complies with the requirements of regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation. The low degree of adhesion of the yeast culture indicates the rapid passage of yeast cells through the gastrointestinal tract and the inability of the strain culture to affect the composition of the autochthonous microflora of humans and animals. For a more detailed determination of the adhesive properties of probiotic culture, it is possible to use modern techniques using cell lines, including epithelial cells of human colon adenocarcinoma CaСo-2.

Nutritional support is an important and integral part of the treatment process for critically ill patients. Patients after neurosurgical interventions and patients with damage to the central nervous system, for example, due to acute ischemic stroke, may be due to the severity of the condition in the intensive care unit. This is a separate category of patients and nutritional support for this category of patients has its own characteristics. Enteral nutrition, as the most physiological type of nutrition, should be an integral part of the treatment process in the intensive care unit. In patients in the acute period of a severe condition with brain damage, in addition to the metabolic response to damage, there are also factors that limit the implementation of enteral nutrition: the brain damage itself, being in intensive care, and methods of intensive therapy. The choice of an enteral formula in this category of patients is complex and fundamental to provide adequate nutritional support to cover energy and protein requirements. The purpose of this scientific review is to highlight the issues of choosing a mixture for enteral nutrition of patients in the neurocritical care unit who are in the acute period of a critical ill.

The lecture is intended for professionals dealing with issues of enteral nutrition in children. The lecture discusses the main indications for the use of mixtures based on hydrolyzed protein.

The features of the gastrointestinal tract of young children are described, the advantages of using whey protein are noted.

Dear readers! Today, in the section of our magazine “Interviews with Leading Experts”, a meeting with Tamara Sergeevna Popova, Doctor of Biological Sciences, Professor, Laureate of the USSR State Prize, Laureate of the Moscow Government Prize in Medicine.

Tamara Sergeevna is one of the leading specialists in clinical nutrition in Russia and in Europe. Her name is associated with major developments in the field of enteral nutrition, which formed the basis for the creation of a whole group of domestic drugs for the correction of metabolic disorders in chronic and life-threatening conditions. A highly erudite and deep-hearted person, a teacher, a maximalist in life is a stronghold of the national school of clinical nutrition.