卷 4, 编号 3 (2022)

The author examines the biography of the skipper Filat Vozhevolny, the son of Semen, who was engaged in fishing in the archipelagos of Spitsbergen (Grumant) and Novaya Zemlya in the late XVIII – early XIX centuries. The study of the biographies of individual fisherman-hunters makes it possible to understand the peculiarities of the organization of fishing, to identify personal and professional qualities, without which it was impossible to participate in long and dangerous expeditions to the polar archipelagos. Filat Vozhevolny went fishing from Onega and Arkhangelsk merchants, Vygoretsky old Believer community, and in 1808-1810 he sailed to Novaya Zemlya under the flag of the White Sea Company. In the personality of the skipper, knowledge of navigation, fishing and hunting was combined with adventurism and a penchant for risk, which endangered the life of not only himself, but also of the artel entrusted to him.

The study presents an analysis of significant measures taken by the Leningrad City Council and its Executive committee to revive the housing and communal services of Leningrad during the years of the blockade. The author reveals aspects of the transformation of the main approaches to city management in an extreme wartime situation. Particular attention is paid to the factors that influenced the formation of the Leningrad cultural identity among the Soviet principal staff, the «Zhdanov team», that had been gathering since the late 1930s. The research methodology includes the use of concrete-historical, problem-chronological methods, the method of historical reconstruction, as well as the approach of studying emotions. The source base of the work includes published and unpublished materials covering the work of the Leningrad Soviet and Party activists during the war and blockade.

The article is devoted to the study of the historical features of the formation and development of an original model of legal relations that developed in Virginia during the colonial period. The existing source base makes it possible to correlate the legal interests of some of the most important participants in local socio-political processes, such as the official authorities of the colony, the local landed elite, and broad sections of North American society. The analysis of the formation of the judicial system in the colonial possessions of Great Britain reveals the specifics of individual colonies, among which the legal practices of Virginia rightfully occupied a special place, since they were a direct reflection of the political compromise between the most prominent groups of influence, such as the governor’s entourage, local land elites and the political nation of the colony. The inclusion of the legal system of colonial Virginia in a kind of system of checks and balances, which had an important impact on establishing a balance between the various branches of government, is particularly noteworthy. At the same time, the historical experience of Virginia clearly demonstrates how the needs of the colonial economy determined the development of local law and the political system.

The article is devoted to the case related to the history of diplomatic relations between the Moscow state and Denmark-Norway. The sending of Russian ambassadors to the Far North in 1586 was associated with the aggravation of the so-called Lapland dispute, a territorial dispute between Russia and the Danish-Norwegian state in the European Arctic region. The author examines the prerequisites for sending ambassadors, the circumstances associated with the embassy, as well as the facts reflecting the configuration of the Russian-Norwegian border

The article is devoted to the participation of two outstanding Soviet physicochemists, Ya.M. Kolotyrkin and N.A. Fuchs, in the international scientific transfer in the 1950s and 1960s. The author uses biographical materials, memories of the relatives and students of the scientists, and introduces previously unstudied letters from the archive fund of the Physicochemical Research Institute named after L.Ya. Karpov to the scientific world. The author underlines contribution of scientists to the study of physicochemical problems: the contribution of Ya.M. Kolotyrkin in the field of study of corrosion and protection of metals, and the role of N.A. Fuchs in the elaboration of the theory of aerosols; she emphasizes that the scientific activity of Soviet scientists was highly appreciated by both Soviet colleagues and foreign experts.

The social and political views of A.I. Solzhenitsyn represent an organic part of the Russian free conservatism tradition that emerged after the French Revolution and matured after the 1812 due to N.M. Karamzin, V.A. Zhukovsky, A.S. Pushkin, F.I. Tyutchev, and their successors. The clear “consonance” of the ideas of A.I. Solzhenitsyn and his predecessors in the Russian tradition of the conservative originality is expressed in their rejection of imitation of Western culture and in the direct “genetic” relationship of their ideas.

The author considers some aspects of the history of studying the problem of cultural and educational work in the Red Army (RKKA) from the 1920s to June 1941 in Russian historical science of the post-Soviet periods. By post-Soviet historiography, the researcher understands a certain array of Russian historiographic sources published since 1992. For a historiographic review, the author selected a complex of historiographic sources that have both direct and indirect relevance to the topic of cultural and educational work in the Red Army from the 1920s to June 1941. In the review, he takes into account the conditions in which Russian historical science developed in the 1990s and which had a serious imprint on the essence and content of all studies on the given problem.

The authors propose a periodization of the history of the Donbas lands during the High and Late Middle Ages. The beginning of a large cycle of migration processes caused by the invasion of the Oghuz tribes invasion was a marker of the High Middle Ages in the region. The demographic crisis at the end of the 14th century is considered as a marker of the beginning of the Late Middle Ages. Generally, the Middle Ages come to an end at the late 16^th century when the southern borders of the Muscovite state were systematically moving further into the steppe. Particular attention should be paid to the characteristics of the regional features of the transitional periods from the Late Middle Ages to the Modern Era: there was a change in the vector of ethnic and political dominance in the middle and lower reaches of the Seversky Donets. Conditional periods and epochs, identified according to ethno-cultural and political criteria, are as close as possible to the existing conventional periodization. The proposed local model of the periodization of the history of the Donbas lands largely does not coincide with the periodization of the history of the neighboring regions of southern Eastern Europe. The elaboration of subdivided periodization permits us to more accurately reflect the features of the historical process in the region as parts of global history. Civilization criteria of periodization become more significant in the transition from the characteristics of epochs to the characteristics of specific periods. Migration processes are an important criterion for distinguishing between different epochs. Economic and ethnopolitical processes are of decisive importance for identifying periods of local history. A distinctive feature of the evolution of the lifestyle of medieval nomads was the trend towards sedentarization, the increase in the complexity of the food supply, and the development of sedentary settlement strategies. The principles of elaborating the periodization, tested in this study, can be used in discussing the problems of periodization of global history. Discussion of variants for periodization of local history leads to the improvement of the necessary conceptual apparatus. In the context of the periodization of the history of Donbas, the term “Middle Ages” is largely a conditional concept, different from the classical model.

The article is devoted to the consideration of critical reviews of Stalin’s publications by Soviet Marxists in the first half of the 1920s. The authors intend to reveal to what extent Stalin’s theoretical views were alien or, on the contrary, organically inherent in the intellectual environment of that period. The researchers analyze reviews in the leading journals of the time, written by thinkers with different political biographies and professional positions. They come to the conclusion that the works of I.V. Stalin were not perceived in the early Soviet period either as «brilliant» or as «revisionist» and did not stand out much against the background of the new cultural landscape.