Vol 4, No 3 (2004)

In the article there are described the history steps of becoming and development of the Institute for Experimental Medicine of the Russian Acad. Med. Sci. The information on outstanding scientists had worked at the Institute in various periods is adduced. The main attention is paid to the priority trends of research activity has been carrying out within the last decade. There are observed the main basic data obtained by institute researchers in the field of molecular biology and genetics, experimental and applied physiology, neuropharmacology, in the field of general and pathological physiology and immunology. There are also discussed the applied investigations as well as the international scientific connections and the principal activity of the institute clinic.

The article presents the results of 10-years' term activity of the St. Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology of the North-Western Branch of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, which has been found to fulfill the basic and applied aims in the area of bioregulation and gerontology, and realization into medical practice of new methods of profilaxis of premature ageing as well as age-related pathology by use of pharmaceuticals based upon peptide bioregulators.

Among of the Institute’s main achievements there are the theoretical elaborations in the field of peptide regulation of ageing, creation and development of a new method of treatment-bioregulation therapy, and the foundation of the Russian team of biogerontologists.

Karelian Scientific Medical Center of the Northwestern Branch of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences (KSMC NWB RAMS) was created in 2000 on the initiative of the Presidium of the Northwestern Branch of RAMS and with an active support of the Government of the Republic of Karelia, of Petrozavodsk State University and one of the largest enterprises of the Northwest of Russia «Kondopoga». The primary directions of the research conducted in KSMC NWB RAMS were defined considering the region's climate (low temperatures during 9 months of the year with high humidity and a small number of sunny days) and geography (vast territories with a low population density), as well as statistical parameters of the population health. These main directions are the following:

1. Cardiovascular pathology (epidemiology, diagnostics, clinics, surgery, anesthesia, rehabilitation).
2. Perinatology and regional pediatric issues.
3. Prophylactics of the most wide spread infectious diseases of the cardiovascular and pulmonary systems.
4. Design and introduction of new medical technologies, including new information technologies.

The clinical hospitals of Petrozavodsk, where the leading specialists work, as well as the medical center of «Kondopoga» have come to be the main clinical and research bases. A unique feature of the institution is the fact the the center is still in the stage of being established, its buildings are quickly being constructed and equipped with modern tools for diagnostics and treatment. The medical center in Kondopoga is becoming the main base of KSMC, where a diagnostic center and a multiprofile polyclinics are located, and opportunities are available for the rehabilitation of patients with cardiovascular diseases. The construction of a hospital is planned to be finished in 2005-2006, with a complex of diagnostic equipment, operation rooms for coronal vessels lesions, aortal arch stenosis, operations on the thoracis and abdominal aorta, arteries and veins of the extremities. The center will be equipped with modern rentgen-diagnostic devices for performing dilatation and stenting of blood vessels and conducting endoscopic interventions.

The Komi Science Medical Center was founded on November 22, 2000 by NWB of RAMS and Academician M. P. Roshchevsky supported with the Head of Komi Republic Yu. A. Spiridonov. The main research trends are diagnostic, medical and rehabilitation problems of heart and vessels pathology patients in North conditions (scientific leaders acad. M. R Roshchevsky, candidate of sci. A. V. Kuznetsov); scientific basing and creation of new prenatal technologies, the prenatal diagnosing (scientific leader candidate of sci. M. A. Murashko). The new method for heart diagnostic research - electrocardiothomography (simultaniously spatial presentation of heart electric activity) - is developing. The cardioelectric fields database of myocardial ishemia patients before and after aorto-coronary shunting, angioplasty, patients with congenital and acquired heart valvular disease is made up. The miocardium infarct number of cases in the Komi Republic is analyzed. It is found that Russian European North inhabitants have thiamin and riboflavin deficit. The prenatal render organization model permitted children and mothers mortality reduction in the Komi Republic is suggested. Modern techniques of congenital and inherited diseases prenatal diagnostics are introduced. Free years activity of Komi science medical center are result in free doctor of sci. dissertation defenses and ten candidate of sci. dissertation defenses. Two monographies and more than 40 papers and thesis are publicated by its scientists.

Founded in 1897 as Women's Medical Institute Pavlov State Medical University at present time is a leading Russian and European educational, clinical and medical science center. The paper overviews the history, development, versatile achievements in fundamental and clinical research as well as key personalities contributing to the progress of this major medical school.

The article summarizes the data on historical stages of the Saint-Petersburg State Medical Academy named after I.I. Mechnikov development (founded in 1907) as one of the largest educational, scientific and curative establishment in the country; activity of the outstanding scientists, founders of large, known not only in our country but also abroad, scientific schools.

Special attention is given to the scientific achievements of the academy for the last 10 years. Prophylactic line of studies is shown to be the main.

Many investigations are devoted to the problems of development of ecological-hygienic and epidemiological safety of the population; prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases; study of the medical-social problems of the most widely spread gastroenterological diseases, renal and hepatic insufficiency; study of the problems of pathogenesis, prevention, therapy and prognosis of locomotor system disorders; development of new methods of plastic vascular surgery, surgery of bile ducts and bone tissue.

To increase the efficiency of the scientific work the academy integrates its activity with other scientific, preventive-medical and curative institutions by foundation of scientific centers, research institutes on the rational basis; establishes broad scientific connections with foreign organizations and institutions.

The overview of the history and research activities of the N. N. Petrov Research Institute of Oncology is presented - is being among the oldest oncological hospitals in Russia. Its activities cover all major fields of clinical and experimental oncology. Three long-term programmes are being carried out in the Institute: «Diagnostics of malignant neoplasia», «Complex surgical treatment of cancer» and «Organization of anti-cancer activities». Scientific investigations focus on the mechanisms of carcinogenesis, the role of exogenous and endogenous factors as well as the approaches to the cancer prevention. There are studies on biochemical, molecular, endocrine, metabolic and age-related aspects related to the tumor risk and progression. Particular attention is paid to the implementation of novel anti-cancer drugs as well as modem high-technology methods of tumor diagnostics and treatment, including organ-preserving procedures. The N. N. Petrov Research Institute of Oncology was the first institution in Russia to establish the cancer registry.

The article includes some historical data concerning the foundation of the Institute (1927) as well as a review of its experience in the fields of science research and medical treatment. The strategies and the targets of the research studies recently performed by the researchers and clinicians of the Institute are described as well as the most significant scientific achievements opening the door to the successful and effective treatment of Russian children patients.

History of Saint-Petersburg Scientific Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology, its institutes-predecessors is presented. The most significant achievements in the sphere of epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis of diverse localizations, based on thorough knowledge of tuberculosis, micro- and microorganisms and their interaction and changes in development course of pathological process and under the influence of treatment are described.

The paper contains information on history of foundation, structure and main fields of research and clinical activities of V. A. Almazov Research Institute of Cardiology. The results of scientific work during the past decade are depicted as well.

The article presents in brief the data on Institute history, on development of main scientific directions in neurotraumatology, in neurooncology, in neuroangiology, in pediatric neurosurgery, in epilepsy, in anesthesiology and intensive care, in neuropatomorphology. The World modernity of this was proved by authors certificates and patents on inventions and revelations and published monographies (books).

The Institute of Toxicology was founded in 1935 with its main goal being the creation of a research center for the prophylaxis and treatment of acute poisoning by highly toxic chemicals. Since that time the Institute has become a recognized center in Russia in the field of toxicological research. Presently, the Institute of Toxicology is the only research institution in the Russian Federation which researches the pathogenesis of acute intoxications by highly toxic chemicals, and develops approaches for prophylaxis and treatments for acute poisonings. The Institute includes several applied research centers for the assessment of the toxicological safety of medical devices, alcoholic beverages, and food products as well as performing environmental safety monitoring.

A toxicological out-patient consulting and diagnostic clinic was opened in 1997 with-in the structure of the Institute of Toxicology, with the aim to provide toxicological assessment to the population of the Russian Federation in the field of environmental toxicology.

St-Petersburg scientific-research institute of ear, nose, throat and speech, the oldest ENT research department in our country was established in 1930. Institute develops scientific problems in area of the pathophysiology of upper respiratory tract and ear and speech disorders. In the period of the last 10 year fundamental investigations of the Institute were dedicated to the mucosal immunology of the upper respiratory tract, autonomic nervous system of the larynx, nasal cavity, middle ear, the role of the genetic disorders in the ENT patology. Institute suggest some new endolaryngeal surgical technics and developed functional endonasal sinus surgery and microsurge of the middle ear. Most investigations of the last 5 year was dedicated to the cochlear implantation. In collaboration with russian tecknical departments, Institute developed ENT endoscopic and laser equipment.

Institute is the owner of the clinic base (205 beds), laboratories, x-ray department. There is scientific library with the fund of 45000 volumes. Institute includes 5 scientific department with 13 Doctors of Science and 43 Phd.