Vol 5, No 1 (2005)

The hypothesis has been suggested in which ASA is considered as apudopathy caused by dysfunction of MT-producing cells. The decreased MT production and the disturbed cell sensitivity to MT lead to pathological changes in individual organs and functional systems. As a result, there is an enhanced lipid peroxidation, an excessive production of reactive oxygen radicals, and a reduced inhibitory action of MT on the 5-lipoxygenase and NO-synthase activities. The lower MT content also results in an intense aggregation of platelets, activating these cells and increasing the production of leukotrienes and nitric oxide. These changes disturb the pulmonary microcirculation, causing the bronchial obturation syndrome even in patient who do not take aspirin or other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. The lower basic production of MT is also responsible for a lower content of its metabolite - endogenic acetylsalicylic acid, thereby increasing the sensitivity of melatonin-producing cells, in particular of platelets, to this acid. So, even minimal aspirin doses inhibit the activity of COX-1, which shunts the already abnormal metabolism of arachidonic acid. This, in turn, leads to a greater production of leukotrienes and, hence, to a severe course of the disease.

This hypothesis has become the basis for a new pathogenetic approach to the treatment of ASA patients by correcting the melatonin content with peptide bioregulators - the epiphysis extracts Epithalamin and Epiphamin.

A comparison of the spatial arrangement of nucleic bases on the surface of the double-strand DNA major groove and functional groups of short peptides demonstrates that there is a possibility of multiple-site interaction between these polyampholytic structures. As an example we present a model of complementary binding of the synthetic tetrapeptide Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly to the nucleotide sequence ATTTC inside the DNA leading strand. This sequence is frequently repeated in the promoter regions of telomerase and RNA polymerase II genes. We show that the regulatory peptides and their complementary blocks in the DNA double helix can be connected by proton-donor and proton-acceptor interactions in which the hydration water molecules are involved.

This article, which is represented as an owerview of literature, summarizes and discusses the basic data about role of processes of peroxidations in pathogenesis of uveal inflammations. The basic mechanisms of generation of free radicals in uveitis are considered and results of antioxidants treatment are discusses.

We have elaborated the conditions for transfer of human mitochondria into murine zygotes with subsequent detection of human mt-DNA at various stages of embryonic development and in organs of neonate mice. This allowed obtaining heteroplasmic transmitochondrial animals with human mt-DNA. Such animals can be a useful model for studying maternally inherited mitochondrial diseases. Statistical analysis of the efficiency of obtaining transmitochondrial mice demonstrates high probability of achieving a positive result in a study involving relatively small groups of laboratory animals.

We studied the level of oncology markers (AFP, CEA, CA 19-9, CA 72-4) in 89 patients with chronic viral hepatitis C. It was shown that the rise of fibrogenesis was accompanied withe the rise of the serum AFP and lowering of synthesis of albuminum. There is expressive rise of AFP level in the stage of hard fibrosis with subsequent at the time of lowering the transformation in into cirrhosis. The rise of AFP level in the serum happens mostly in more older patients with the HCV-infection witch sent of 1 genotype, is progressing. On the background of antiviral therapy it seems to be lowering of level of AFP even if the viral answer is not present, that can be evidence of more lower activity of sclerotic and neoplastic processes in hepar. The low level of AFP in the blood can be more favorable prognostic criteria of effectiveness of antiviral therapy in patients with HCV.

10-year experience of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in 4469 patients is presented in the article. Severe intraoperative complications were observed in 47 patients (1,1%). The most common complication was the trauma of extrahepatic bile ducts. Conversion was necessary in 112 cases (2,5%), 33,9% of conversions were due to the intraoperative complications. The major risk factors of intraoperative complications are: intrahepatic gallbladder, massive intraperitoneal adhesions, choledocholithiasis, acute cholecystitis. The rate of conversion and the number of severe intraoperative complications depend on surgeon’s experience («learning curve»).

The clinico-morpho-cytochemical investigation of effective usage of leukinferon in immunoorientated therapy of maxillofacial phlegmons has been carried out. Positive effect of leukinferon on dynamics of the clinical course of the disease consisting of the increase of the quality and the reduction of the treatment period was determined. One of mechanisms of the positive immunotropismic effect of leukinferon was the increase of the functional activity of the neutrophilic granulocyte tissue pool in the early postoperative period and the decrease of the hyperactivation of the systemic neutrophilic granulocyte pool in the peripheral blood, this preventing the risk of their functional exhaustion, promoting translation of functioning immunocompetent cells in the regime of the adequate reactivity and optimization of the cytological factors, inflammato-regenerative course of the purulent wound.

It was studied the influence of complex enduring effects of negative industrial factors, accompanying petroleum processing, upon the blood serum lipid spectrum and the prevalence of different risk factors at employees of «Kirishinefteorgsintez», situated at the North-West region of Russian Federation. Complex medical inspections were carried out on 1995-2003 and included the observation of 585 men workers of the plant The biochemical analysis data of blood lipids has been statistically treated. Patients were divided into two groups depending on their age. First group included employees aged from 31 to 41 years, the second one - from 41 to 51 years. In each group a subgroup has been made in accordance to professional length of their service: the first subgroup included men, who worked less then 10 years and the second subgroup included men, who worked more than 10 years.

It has been established the enduring work (more than 10 years) leads to decrease of the velocity of agedependent increasing of natural blood lipid content.

We were found the total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) levels were increased in the group of males younger 40 years exposed to factors of oil refining for a long time.

The estimation of different lipid levels (depending on risk) at the plant employees showed that the prevalence of optimal and close to optimal levels of total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol were decreased and the prevalence of borderline and high levels of those lipids were increased.

The prevalence of high (positive) HDL cholesterol level was increased with age in both «service length» subgroups. The prevalence of low (negative) HDL cholesterol level was decreased in the second group (41-51 years) with short length of service. The length of service does not affect the prevalence of this cholesterol fractions.

The frequency of normal and high triglyceride levels does not depend on age and increases with length of service in the first group (younger 41 years).

The prevalence of normolipidemia was decreased with length of service in both groups.