Vol 9, No 1 (2009)

The present work represents the review of literature resources concerning central mechanisms of neuroimmune interactions during stress as well as the results of experiments carried on by the authors. The mechanisms of development of stress-induced immune dysfunctions are being discussed.The afferent and efferent ways of neuro-immune interactions are being observed. The data of investigations of brain reactions, in particular hypothalamic structures, to administration of different antigens and their alteration by stress stimuli are demonstrated. The intensity of definite hypothalamic structures reactions to antigen injection after electric pain stimulation was shown to be decreased, their algorithm being changed and the quality of the changes depended on the nature of injected antigen (lipopolysaccharide or bovine serum albumin). Complex of cited data suggest that the revealed stress-induced alterations in brain reactions to antigen administration associated with the decrease in the quantity of splenic antibody-producing cells are significant for immunosupression development caused by electric pain stimulation.

A review of the literature concerning the mechanism of the reperfusion injury in the infusion therapy of the haemorrhagic shock. On the bases of literature data and own investigations were shown that after restoration of circulation develops oxygen paradox, activates peroxidation, damages of cells membranes. The biochemical mechanism of the reperfusion injure was described. Antihypoxants, antioxidants, inhibitors of xanthineoxidase-catalyzed production of superoxide radical, inhibitors of nitric oxide synthesis are effective for treatment of the reperfusion injury in the infusion therapy of the haemorrhagic shock.

Reconstructive surgery of brachiocefal arteries took the durable place in clinical angiologies as method of treatment of ischemic damages of cerebral circulation. In the article the methods of surgical reconstruction of cerebral circulation were considered at the combined stenosis lesions of branches of arcus aorta. For period from 1995 to 2008 in the surgical department of Petrozavodsk Emergency Hospital and also department of ambulatory surgery of Karelian Scientific Medical Center North- West Department of RAMS surgical treatment of patients was organized with damages of cerebral circulation, where more than 1300 patients were examined over the years (1175 is operated patients which 1227 reconstructive operations were realized on the branches of arcus aorta; 915 men and 312 women, middle age of patients-64,7+13,7). At combined stenosis of a few arteries of statement to the reconstructive operation and queue of reconstruction of road clearance of arteries to the present tense in detail not examine and determined by professional preparation of surgeon. The further study of prevalence and correlation of different types of occlusion lesions of main arteries of brain is needed, natural flow of occlusion process and his prognosis, study of cerebral hemodynamics by the modern methods of checkup and careful evaluation of efficiency of postoperative period for specification of statement to surgical treatment.

The article reviews some major problems of diagnosis and treatment of perinatal infections and discusses possible ways of solving them. It is emphasized that there is a demand for standardized approaches to management of pregnant women with infections imposing a risk of adverse effects on the fetus or newborn infant by means of development and implementation of national guidelines on management of perinatal infections.

The character of the cardioelectric potential distribution is the diagnostic indication of the cardiovascular system state. Signals recorded from maternal abdomen besides the useful component - the fetal electrocardiogram - also contain artefacts; the maternal electrocardiogram, mother's muscles activity or artifacts resulting from fetal movements. Essential problem is the efficient suppression of maternal electrocardiogram, since its amplitude many times exceeds the level of the useful signal and the frequency bands of maternal and fetal electrocardiographic signals overlapped. A computational scheme is represented for the fetal electrocardiographic mapping. This experience will allow us to come up with a system for effective diagnostics of early symptoms of fetal distress on the basis of recording and analysis of the bioelectrical signals recorded only from the abdomen.

According to the latest WHO recommendations, it is considered that ischemic brain lesions due to obliterating lesions of aortic arch branches constitute 85% of all cerebrovascular pathology. The recent advancements in diagnostics and active surgical treatment of cerebrovascular diseases (CVD) allow solving this problem on a new level, in the past three years, we have performed operations in 161 patients. The number of operations on brachiocephalic arteries, the percentage of complications and lethality in the Komi Republic are comparable to those in neighboring regions.

Development of medical technologies has led to occurrence of the devices, allowing to carry out transcatheter correction of congenital heart diseases. With 06.2005 on 11.2008 transcatheter correction of congenital heart diseases it is executed 164 patients at the age from 2 years till 64 years. In the remote period at 1,2% of patients after transcatheter corrections presence significant is left-right interatrial the shunt is revealed. In other cases the full reduction.

The arterial hypertension of pregnant women takes a special place among pressing questions modern medicine. We analyse outcomes pregnancy 223 women with an arterial hypertensia and the hypertensive illness, passing inspection in a cardiological clinic in various terms of pregnancy. Following outcomes were analyzed: perinatal destruction of a fruit, gestosis, a delay of pre-natal development, premature birth, a fruit pathology.

Endovascular techniques are widely used in many countries to treat peripheral artery lesions in diabetes mellitus patients suffering from neuroischemic foot ulcers and foot gangrene. However, the most comprehensive studies on this issue were carried out in Italy, where the incidence of peripheral atherosclerosis-is relatively low. In order to be able to apply the Italian findings in Russia, we have studied the morphology of lesions of the lower-extremity arteries in the Russian population of diabetes mellitus patients, and have compared our observations to the Italian data. Our study has revealed a greater severity of lesions of the lower-extremity arteries in the Russian population of diabetes mellitus patients. This, in addition to the often inadequate postoperative care, explains the higher incidence of recurrent critical ischemia of the lower extremities in the Russian patients.