Vol 7, No 4 (2007)

In the article, the approaches being worked out in the framework of a new medical scientific and practical direction - circumpolar medicine - have been grounded. Circumpolar medicine is a system of scientific knowledge and practical activity with the following goals: promotion and preservation of health of the population living and/or working in the Arctic zone and the high-latitude territories adjacent to the Polar Circle, life prolongation, prevention and treatment of human diseases. The following strategies of circumpolar medicine development have been analyzed: regional, market, innovation, ecological, ethnic, multidisciplinary, program-targeted.

Tuberculosis remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality all over the world. The only used Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine has failed to control the global tuberculosis epidemic, and there are no effective mucosal vaccines capable for potent protection against pulmonary ТВ.

In this study, we evaluated the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a reverse genetic recombinant influenza vectors expressing the early secretory antigenic target protein (ESAT-6) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the experimental models of tuberculosis. Double immunization with recombinant influenza vectors of different subtypes induced a strong Th1 immune response mediated by IFN-gamma-secreting CD4 cells, which led to protection against tuberculosis in mice and guinea pigs equivalent to and even more than that observed with BCG vaccine.

Application of recombinant influenza vectors expressing ESAT-6 antigen of Mycobacterium tuberculosis was concluded to be perspective vaccine candidate against tuberculosis.

Prenatal cholinergic drug exposure produced dramatic imbalance of the neurotransmitter contents and turnover in the rat fetus brain on the 20th day of pregnancy. The comparative analysis showed that the serotoninergic neurotransmitter system was more sensitive to influence of cholinolytics in prenatal period than dopaminergic system. Decreasing of 5-HT concentration and its turnover in all «critical periods» on the second half of pregnancy was marked under influence as metamizil, and gangleron, the M- and N-cholinolytics respectively. Whereas the brain dopaminergic system of genotypical males and famales embryos was more sensitive to influence N-cholinotropic drug gangleron. Thus, prenatal influence of cholinotropic drugs on pregnant females resulted in sex-linked alterations of brain dopaminergic and serotoninergic systems at 20-day’s old fetuses of rats. These alterations can be involved to ethiopathogenesis of behavioral dysfunctions of rats progenies in pubertal period and be connected with deviated behavior.

The molecular epidemiology of micobacteria tuberculosis among new cases is described in four administrative territories of the Barents region of the Russian Federation in the paper. The using of two methods of the molecular biology: the spoligotyping and RFLP are established that the prevailing genotype is Beijing (47.1 %). The given genotype possesses the highest level of clasters among all genotypes that testify to its active transfer. High fitness of the W-Beijing МВТ explains so wide circulation of the present genotype.

Chronic ENT morbidity in children of pre-school age attending kindergardens in Arkhangelsk reaches the value of (837,8±18,1)‰, in school age - (534,1 ±33,9)‰, the most frequent (973,3±7,9)‰ in children aged 4. Reportedly, with age the morbidity rate of pharyngeal and palatine tonsils hypertrophy decreases, whereas chronic tonsillitis, chronic rhinitis and medium otitis occur more frequently. Oropharynx disbiosis rate is 20.4% higher in the children diagnosed pharyngeal and palatine tonsils hypertrophy than in healthy group. Social, economical and biological risk factors promoting development of acute and chronic otorhinolaryngological pathology of school children were revealed. Due to established factors basic directions in prophylaxis of otorhinolaryngological morbidity were predicted. Stat the value of prophylaxis effectiveness method of ultrasonic anti-inflammatory inhalation phytotherapy of school children.

It has been established that the microecological status of children during the first year of their life was described by immaturity manifesting in presence of dysbiotic interrelations in microbial populations. Microbial flora of the big intestine needed more time for its formation and depended on many factors. At the end of the first year, only 33% of children had intestinal eubiosis. The peak of dysbiotic deviations in the big intestine fell on the 6-month age. As a result of the carried out studies, negative shifts in formation of newborns’ intestinal biocenosis in the conditions of the European North have been detected. Increased periods of making of both the aerobic and anaerobic parts were registered. At the background of the bifidoflora’s deficiency, normal correlations between obligate representatives of the intestinal flora were disturbed, associations of opportunistic microbes appeared. The number of lactose-negative, hemolyzing Escherichias, microbes Proteus, fungi Candida and Staphylococcus aureus increased. But by the end of the neonatal period under affect of breast feeding, microbiocenosis with prevailing of anaerobic microorganisms, narrow spectrum and decreased size of the aerobic association was formed.

School factors play a considerable role in formation of children's and teen-agers' health. Northern territories due to their climate and geographic conditions create additional difficulties to growing child's organism. Medical support in educational process is encouraged to consider all risk factors and health determinants, giving preference to preventive actions. School as a part of macro society is an ideal place for influence on formation process of somatic and psychic health of children and teen-agers.

It is known that the during period of students life the quantity of such chronic diseases as diseases of digestive tract, respiratory, micturitional, cardio vessels and many others diseases are increasing. Also there is happen the decreasing of vision’s level, the quantity of sexually transmitted diseases are increasing. Every year the new cases of tuberculosis and virus hepatitis are registered among the students. The spreading of drugs and alcohol abuses, smoking among students are frightening. There is the degradation the health of the students connected with intensive study, psychological stresses and low physical activity. These facts are pointed to the necessity of immediate beginning of development of program in health protection of students.

This project is approached to the students of the Medical University because the young people who is the potential of society. Indirect approach to the young studying people in general as the most important part of society. Beside are the future doctors, psychologists, social workers who will help the spreading of these skills among the wide groups of people with whom these specialists will work.

We choose the such strategies as encouragement of students to the changes (conversations and lessons about the healthy style of life the necessity of refusal the harmful habits the studying of the principles of the rational diet) there is possible the group of health development of arrangements the involvement in planning as example the construction of new sport buildings and issue the studying materials and video films.