Vol 39, No 2 (2020)

In the article, the author talks about his experience in an innovative process to create a biomedical cell product. From the idea to the production site. This process was started from the moment of choosing a lot of State science competition. Brainstorming was held, ideas were generated, tender documentation was prepared. Subsequently, the project within the framework of the competition was successfully completed. In addition to the ex vivo gene therapy drug developed as part of the competition, additional important results were obtained. So, biomarkers with good diagnostic potential for endometriosis were discovered. The author also addresses the shortcomings of the existing grant system to support innovative projects in the field of biomedicine.

Background. At the end of 2019, an outbreak of a new coronavirus infection occurred in the People›s Republic of China with an epicenter in Wuhan. On February 11, 2020, the World Health Organization assigned the infection its official name - COVID-19 (“Coronavirus disease 2019”), and the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses on February 11, 2020 assigned the official name to the causative agent - SARS-CoV-2. The aim of the work was the аnalysis of publications on the specifics of laboratory diagnosis of COVID-19 disease with the goal of effective medical and psychological support during dynamic observation in young people. The study is relevant due to the fact that the disease quickly spread around the planet with the active drift of the pathogen into the territory of the Russian Federation. Materials and methods. When conducting the research, scientific publications in open press materials were used, selected in accordance with the purpose of the study, which are contained in domestic and foreign databases. Results. According to the current regulatory documents, the diagnosis of the disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus is established on the basis of a clinical examination, data from an epidemiological history and laboratory results. Based on the results of the clinical examination, the issue of the type of medical care and the amount of additional examination are being resolved. It is known that a large number of affected individuals can remain asymptomatic (according to various sources, from 17.9 to 78%), despite the fact that there is insufficient reliable data on the infectivity of asymptomatic people and how asymptomatic infection leads to transmission of the virus. A confirmed case of COVID-19 is considered to be a case with laboratory confirmation by any of the methods using diagnostic drugs and test systems registered in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation. Discussion. The use of such laboratory methods (real-time RT-PCR) is absolutely necessary because it improves the accuracy of diagnosis of the underlying disease and improves the quality of the medical and psychological support of the patient since cases of the apparently asymptomatic COVID-19 course have been identified. Conclusion. The outcomes of this pandemic are not yet clear and cause concern both for a healthy generation that can be infected, and for sick people who have various options for the pathological process from asymptomatic to severe with fatal outcomes. It is believed that one of the main reasons for this rapid development of the pandemic was the lack of diagnostic test systems for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 (bibliography: 47 refs).

In recent years, the epidemiological situation of tuberculosis in Russia and the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation remains tense for a number of reasons. Including this fact is caused by untimely, sometimes posthumous, detection of tuberculosis. Late diagnosis of the disease is associated with a low-symptom or asymptomatic clinical course, the absence of pathognomonic radiological, laboratory, immunological signs of the disease, often the absence of bacterial excretion. The detection of tuberculosis is also difficult in the differential diagnosis with sarcoidosis, which is characterized by very similar clinical, radiological and even pathomorphological signs in the form of granulomatous inflammation. An analysis of a clinical case was carried out in which for a young man for about 1.5 years tuberculosis proceeded along the mask of sarcoidosis, which led to the generalization of a specific infection. Even after the start of an intensive examination using modern diagnostic methods, it took two months to go from the diagnoses of “lacunar tonsillitis”, “community-acquired pneumonia”, “sarcoidosis of the respiratory system”, “lymphoproliferative disease of unknown etiology” to the diagnosis “generalized tuberculosis” confirmed histologically. A decisive role in identifying the disease was played by biopsy methods followed by histological verification of the diagnosis. Thus, it is advisable for all patients with suspected sarcoidosis who are admitted to military medical organizations, regardless of the stage of the process and the results of the previous examination, to consult a TB specialist, performing a diagnostic minimum to exclude active tuberculosis (bibliography: 7 refs).

This paper reviews stress related healthcare workers mental problems that occur in adverse situation of COVID-19 pandemic. We discuss acute stress reactions, acute and posttraumatic stress disorders screening methods, strategy of emergency psychological assistance and prevention of mental health complications (2 figs, bibliography: 16 refs).

The revolutionary events of 1917-1921 played a huge social significance in the life of the Russian state. They stirred up the masses of the St. Petersburg workers and matrons of Kronstadt. Thanks to the dedicated work of doctors, medical assistants, nurses and nurses of the Kronstadt Marine Hospital, all patients were provided with the necessary medical care during the revolutionary events (7 figs, bibliography: 6 refs).