Vol 24, No 2 (2016)

The article presents the results of the study number of vessels in the arterial network of the anterior perforated substance of the brain in men 25-60 years old. The study showed that the middle cerebral artery is the main source of the arteries in the area. Its branches make up 55,5% of all arteries. The branches of the anterior cerebral artery account for 24,4%, other arteries are branches of the anterior and posterior communication arteries. Right arterial network is significantly more than the left. Excluding the anterior and posterior communication arteries the difference is 13%, and with their account 4%.

The rostral anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is important unit of the brain default mode network. An operation of this network is overset in depressive disorders of different genesis. A hyperactivity of ACC marks this overset. Neurophysiological nature of ACC hyperactivity do not elucidate. It was reproduced a behavioral depression in experiments on the rats evoke by either chronic inflammation of back skin or depletion of level of the monoamines in the brain administration of reserpine. The level of rat depression behavior estimated on the data of scores of forced swimming test. It was ascertained in electrophysi-ological researches on brain slices comprising ACC that depressogenic procedures evoked appearance of pathological synaptic plasticity (analog of the long-term potentiation) in superficial II/III layers pyramidal neurons. This pathological plasticity appeared by increasing of the amplitudes of field EPSPs and their AMPA and NMDA components; it was due by gain of the presynaptic glutamate releasing and possible rising of the postsynaptic receptors chemosensitivity. Pathological synaptic plasticity occluded tetanus-induced longterm potentiation in these layers of ACC. The neurophysiological changes in deep V layer of ACC were inconsiderable, however it was ascertained inhibition of tetanus-induced long-term potentiation expression.

Activities of medical institutions for the «dermatovenerology» and «cosmetology» profile on the basis of indicators of health of the population of the Nizhny Novgorod Region are studied. It is established that statistical forms of the accounting of health of the population are imperfect. The remaining prevalence illnesses of a skin and hypodermic fat, age changes of a skin in the conditions of body height of life expectancy define need of creation of the uniform scientific and practical center for dermatologists and cosmetologists.

This article reflects the results of screening patients with hypertension for early diagnosis of diabetes mellitus 2 type (DM 2 type) and associated potential complications. The results showed a high prevalence of carbohydrate metabolism disorders, including first-diagnosed type 2 diabetes. Also, all patients with impaired glucose metabolism had higher body mass index, hyperglycemia and even had signs of kidney damage, which clinically were not evident.

A comparative analysis of trends in fatal alcohol poisonings and incidence of alcoholism and alcoholic psychoses was carried out. The results of distributed lags analysis suggest positive relationship between trends in fatal alcohol poisonings and incidence of alcoholic psychoses. The relationship between trends in fatal alcohol poisonings and incidence of alcoholism was also positive but statistically not significant. These findings suggest that alcoholic psychoses incidence rate is more reliable indicator of alcohol-related problems than alcoholism incidence rate.

Acute thrombophlebitis corresponds to a decrease in the level of metabolites of nitric oxide. As endotheliotropic therapy used venotonic drug containing micronized purified fraction of flavonoids. On the background of treatment noted the increase in the concentration of nitrogen oxide in 1 month 35,3%, to 3 months 44,3%, by 6 months of 51,3%, after 12 months was 52,7%.

In the experiment conducted biomechanical tests to determine the coupling forces 4 groups of implants with the bone tissue: No. 1 was made of medical steel, No. 2 was made of titanium alloy VT6 with the modified surface by using the method of the thermo-chemical treatment. No. 3 and No. 4 were made of titanium alloy VT6 with composite coating (calcium phosphate + 1% and 5% germanium, respectively), applied by the method of microarc oxidation. Implants were installed in the proximal femur of purebred cats (29 animals). Upon removal of animals from the experiment (after 3 months) conducted static tests. Noted that the bond strength in 3 and 4 groups of implants with the bone tissue is more pronounced than in groups 1 and 2.

The aim - to assess the possibilities of ultrasound and computed tomography in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of adrenal tumors. Results of the study. The paper analyzes the possibilities of ultrasound (US) and computed tomography (CT) in the diagnosis of various nosological forms of adrenal tumors in 54 patients. As according to US and CT the large size of tumors were characterized to pheochromocytoma (PCHC) (78,5 ± 5,3 - 75,6 ± 6,3 mm), small and medium - to corticosteroma (CS) (45,2 ± 2 6 - 45,6 ± 4,3 mm) and aldosteroma (AS) (46,2 ± 7,1 - 45,9 ± 5,4 mm). Adrenocortical tumors were characterized mostly by round or oval shape, to pheochromocytoma in most cases - wrong rounded shape. These morphometric parameters like irregular contours, heterogeneity of structure and presence of inclusions in the structure of tumor was characterized mainly for pheochromocytoma, whereas tumors of the adrenal cortex these signs were absent. Statistically significant differences in density of PCHC (+ 24,2 ± 2,3 UH), CS (+ 13,4 ± 0,3 UH) and the AS (+ 5,1 ± 0,2 UH) in native mode and contrasting (PCHS - + 41,5 ± 6,1 UH; CS - 18,6 ± 0,9 UH; AS - + 12,1 ± 0,4 UH), as well as the time difference of contrast washout (in pheochromocytoma 14,7 ± 0 5 min. at corticosteroma 8,7 ± 0.4 min., and at aldosteroma 6,2 ± 0,4 min.). Due to the small size of the tumor, obesity and meteorism ultrasound was not informative in 3 cases. In all cases, CT permit to determine the location of the tumor definitely and to differentiate their various nosological forms significantly. Conclusion. Ultrasound and CT in the detection and differentiation of adrenal tumors showed high sensitivity and specificity, and the comparison of different clinical signs of adrenal tumors with the revealed CT signs can more accurately suggest adrenal tumor morphology and to be clinically significant in the choice of further treatment approach.

The problem of disorders associated with participation in hostilities («war syndromes»), remains relevant over a hundred years. The first scientific description of these diseases is known belongs to the American physician Jakob Mendes Da Costa. In the difficult history of the study of «war syndrome» have proposed various hypotheses and theories based on the principles of primary somatic factors, mental or social processes. However, at this moment there is no conclusive evidence of any pre-emptive effect of one factor on the occurrence of disease. To describe the «war syndrome» were used many terms, the most famous being the «soldier's heart» and Da Costa's syndrome.

In a review modern looks are presented to reasons of comorbidity for children. A structure and reasons of combined pathology for children have substantial differences from such for adults. Main reasons of the combined pathology for children: genetic, perinatal, social, alimentary and ecological factors. Enumerated groups intersect often. Comorbidity for children has age-dependent dynamics, thus time of influence of causal factor and time of realization of pathology can be remote from each other.