Clinical case of COVID-19 in an HIV-infected teenager

Tatyana A. Kaplina; Каплина Татьяна Анатольевна; Dmitry O. Ivanov; Иванов Дмитрий Олегович; Vladimir N. Timchenko; Тимченко Владимир Николаевич; Svetlana L. Bannova; Баннова Светлана Леонидовна; Gleb V. Kondratyev; Кондратьев Глеб Валентинович; Vera F. Sukhovetskaya; Суховецкая Вера Федотовна; Maria D. Subbotina; Субботина Мария Дмитриевна; Elena B. Pavlova; Павлова Елена Борисовна; Anna N. Nazarova; Назарова Анна Николаевна; Anna V. Fedorova; Федорова Анна Владимировна; Oksana V. Bulina; Булина Оксана Владимировна

doi:10.17816/PED625945

Clinical case of COVID-19 in an HIV-infected teenager

Authors: Kaplina T.A.¹, Ivanov D.O.¹, Timchenko V.N.¹, Bannova S.L.¹, Kondratyev G.V.¹, Sukhovetskaya V.F.¹, Subbotina M.D.¹, Pavlova E.B.¹, Nazarova A.N.¹, Fedorova A.V.¹, Bulina O.V.¹
Affiliations:
1. Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University
Issue: Vol 14, No 5 (2023)
Pages: 85-93
Section: Clinical observation
URL: https://journals.eco-vector.com/pediatr/article/view/625945
DOI: https://doi.org/10.17816/PED625945
ID: 625945

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Abstract

The problem of non-smooth course of COVID-19 in people with severe comorbidities is topical. The greatest number of deaths from a new coronavirus infection was noted in the presence of such diseases as: obesity, chronic bronchopulmonary, cardiovascular diseases, HIV infection, diabetes mellitus, oncohematology, etc. Due to the focus of the healthcare system on the COVID-19 pandemic, less attention is paid to the fight against the immunodeficiency virus, despite the fact that the epidemiological situation with HIV infection in the Russian Federation continues to be tense. Individuals with HIV infection may be at increased risk of complications and death associated with COVID-19. The stage of HIV infection, indicators of the immune status, viremia, and taking antiretroviral therapy correlate with the severity of the course of COVID-19/HIV and have prognostic value. A clinical observation of the course of a new coronavirus infection in a 15-year-old teenager born to an HIV infected mother (who hid her HIV status at the time of hospitalization of a child) who was not at a dispensary observation at the AIDS Center was presented. The child was hospitalized with a new coronavirus infection (COVID-19), complicated: acute community-acquired (interstitial) bilateral pneumonia. The low index body mass of the child, the presence of concomitant pathology, the non-smooth course of the disease made it possible to suspect the patient of an immunodeficiency condition and identify concomitant HIV infection in the secondary disease stage (4B), the progression phase with the absence of antiretroviral therapy. Conclusion: the non-smooth course and severity of the disease were mainly due to secondary infections pathology. Severe immunosuppression detected in a child due to HIV infection contributed to the long-term persistence of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. In this case, it was not established that HIV infection in the patient was a factor predisposing to the severe course of COVID-19 and contributing to a prognostically unfavorable outcome. Complex therapy including antiretroviral therapy prevented further progression of immunosuppression and led to recovery from new coronavirus infection and management of comorbidity. The increase in the number of HIV-infected persons in the late stages of infection, often detected by chance, only during hospitalization, presents difficulties for therapy due to late diagnosis, the presence of a combined secondary pathology and the severity of its course against the background of low immune status parameters.

Keywords

COVID-19, adolescent, HIV infection, antiretroviral therapy, ARVT, long-term persistence of SARS-CoV-2