卷 24, 编号 4 (2022)

A review of information on the etiology and pathogenesis of cognitive impairment in children who have undergone a new coronavirus infection has been conducted. Research data are presented that have shown that nootropic drugs and metabolic agents with nootropic effect are recommended for the use of choline alfoscerate, deanol aceglumate, aminophenylbutyric acid, hopanthenic acid, glycine, cytoflavin to improve cognitive functions, including in postcovid syndrome.

The article reflects the results of an examination and questioning of 60 preschool children in two cities – Moscow and Galich, Kostroma region, in terms of compliance with age-specific nutritional rules and compliance with generally accepted norms regarding calorie content of food and macronutrient intake. It turned out that about half of the children experience «hunger» for calories and macronutrients (the main sources of energy). The reasons in most cases lie in the lack of awareness of parents in reliable information about the rules of nutrition. In developing guidelines for the management of calorie and macronutrient deficiencies, a full assessment of dietary diversity is essential. It is important for medical workers to master the methods of monitoring proper nutrition, to be able to teach parents to use these methods. It is proposed to make full use of the modern nutritional support algorithm.

In recent years, there has been a significant increase in the number of patients with diseases of the musculoskeletal system, often leading to the disability of patients. A special place in the structure of diseases of the musculoskeletal system is occupied by the lesion of the spine, which causes the development of back pain (dorsalgia). Dorsalgia is one of the most common reasons for patients seeking medical attention, ranking fifth among all visits. Dorsalgias are an extremely urgent problem in modern medicine. This is due to their widespread prevalence in the population, frequent damage to young people of working age, which also determines the socio-economic significance of this problem. Thus, episodes of back pain develop annually in half of the working-age population, most often occurring in persons aged 20 to 50 years. According to epidemiological studies, 63.5% of people develop dorsalgia at the age of 35–45, and in terms of the incidence of temporary disability they rank third after respiratory and circulatory diseases, accounting for about 25% of the total loss of working time.

Breast cancer (BC) is a serious threat to the health and lives of women of all ages worldwide. The overwhelming majority of deaths from breast cancer are associated with late diagnosis. Thus, the most important task of a doctor in diagnosing breast cancer is to detect the disease at its initial stage. It is known that at the beginning of the disease there can be no clinical manifestations. Because of this, there is a necessity of annual examination, first of all, for women having risk factors. It is known that timely diagnostics can stop the development of the tumor even before it begins to metastasize to lymph nodes and internal organs. Thus, the current tendency requires development and implementation of new approaches to early detection and timely treatment of BC. Among the list of new technologies for early screening there is the development of portable home “smart” mammograph “Tiskrin”. Our clinical research with 198 women showed high sensitivity and specificity of our device. The proposed method is absolutely harmless and informative and can be used any number of times regardless of the age and presence of pregnancy. Similar data on high safety make Tiscreen a widely used prophylactic agent both for early diagnostics and for determination of the risk group in women with breast cancer. The methodology we offer is simple and available for any user. No special preparation for breast examinations is required. We hope that our development will contribute to a reduction in the number of late diagnoses of the disease and increase life expectancy of women around the world.

Objective of the study. To study prognostic value of myocardial remodeling in patients with arterial hypertension and coronary heart disease according to the literature data.

Material and Methods. 13 Russian and 3 foreign publications were analyzed, in which the prognostic value of myocardial remodeling in patients with arterial hypertension and coronary heart disease was discussed.

Results. Left ventricular hypertrophy in patients with arterial hypertension is an independent risk factor of negative prognosis in patients with arterial hypertension. The detection of left ventricular dilatation was associated with a 98% increased risk of cardiovascular complications. Frequency of concentric hypertrophy, dilatation and diastolic dysfunction of the left ventricle was higher in those patients with atrial fibrillation than in the group without atrial fibrillation.

Conclusion. Myocardial remodeling processes are associated with the progressing and worsening clinical course of arterial hypertension and coronary heart disease. Concentric hypertrophy and dilatation of the left ventricle are the most prognostically unfavorable variants of left ventricular structure and geometry disorders.