Vol 343, No 3 (2022)

The approaches to the formation of the Russian Federation’s drug policy as an element of international and state legal and other relations in the field of protecting the health of citizens are considered. The characteristics of drug supply and current trends in the area of drug circulation are presented. The necessity of building interdepartmental interaction in the development of national drug policy is shown. The current directions of work of representatives of military health care in the interdepartmental council of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the substantiation and support of the national drug policy to improve the system of medical support of troops (forces) in current socio-economic conditions are substantiated.

The requirements for first aid medications for convulsive syndrome have been substantiated, regardless of the chemical factor that caused it. Such drugs are intended to prevent the death of victims before they receive first aid and can be used in the emergency prophylaxis mode (after the toxicant enters the body but before the onset of seizures) or in the mode of arresting an already developed convulsive syndrome. The optimal dosage form is a nasal spray. Prophylactic use of the drug should stop seizures and prevent the death of the victim for at least 2 hours after exposure to the convulsant, and use against the background of seizures should have a rapid anticonvulsant effect for no more than 5 minutes. The need for a single use for vital indications determines the safety requirements corresponding to those for drugs and their combinations with antidote properties. The stability of drugs during storage should not be inferior to that of injectable drugs.

Data are presented on the prevalence of myocardial muscle bridges, their role in the development of myocardial ischemia, their classification is given, and approaches to diagnosis and treatment are summarized. A case of successful conservative (drug) treatment of a young man with a myocardial muscle bridge is presented.

Dorsalgia – pain in the back, in particular in the lumbar spine, suffers from 50 to 90% of the adult population. The occurrence of such pain is facilitated by a sedentary lifestyle, a decrease in strength abilities, functional insufficiency, and muscle imbalance. An integrated approach to the treatment of dorsalgia includes drug and non-drug treatments that have a mutually potentiating effect. The complex of active treatment of military personnel with dorsalgia should include a rationally organized daily physical activity, physical education, as well as therapeutic physical culture. The modern system of physical rehabilitation of patients with dorsalgia is characterized by three stages, which correspond to the periods of the course of the disease (exacerbation, unstable and stable remissions). Each of the stages (relaxing, restoring, and training) has its tasks, the solution of which is achieved by using methods appropriate to the period.

The purpose of the work was to assess the effectiveness of control methods for studying visual acuity disorders and to select the most optimal modifications of them in compliance with the conditions for use during the medical examination. According to our data, the Vick test turned out to be the least effective – 30% of positive results. The method of studying visual acuity from different distances was positive in 43%, methods of research with separate signs and with flat glass – in almost 50% of the examined. The most effective were the studies of visual acuity using the Polyak table, the «mirror» test, and the study with individual signs (Polyak optotypes) – 90.5%, 93.9%, and 82.8%, respectively. A thorough examination is required from an ophthalmologist to establish the true state of visual functions and exclude the organic nature of the disorders. Anamnestic verification is often essential to an expert opinion. In case of complaints of blindness in both eyes or lack of object vision, the subjects are subject to observation and examination in stationary conditions.

The Dushanbe military hospital (451st military hospital of the Russian Ministry of Defense) celebrates the 95th anniversary on September 5, 2021. The features of the hospital’s work are its remoteness from the military medical institutions of the Russian Federation and the fact that the provision of primary, including pre-medical, medical, and specialized medical care takes place in a hot climate and the prevalence of acute intestinal infections. For decades, the hospital has been distinguished by the high professionalism of its employees and the cohesion of the team, the desire for development, and loyalty to traditions.

The article discusses the formation of the first automobile parts of the ambulance transport of the Russian army during the First World War 1914–1918. It is shown that at the very beginning of the war, the high command of the Russian army was already aware of the need to create such units designed for the fastest evacuation of the wounded and sick. It was especially relevant in the first period of the war, which was mobile and was characterized by a rapidly changing situation. It was noted that for this purpose, already in the first year of the war, 300 ambulances were purchased abroad. Data are presented on the evacuation capabilities of ambulances, the procedure for using parts of automobile ambulance transport, their staff organization.

Начало статьи П.И. Тимофеевского в «Военно-медицинском журнале» (1913. – № 12. – С. 602)

The methodological approaches used by leading Russian specialists in assessing and ensuring the reliability of personnel of especially dangerous objects of the nuclear weapons complex are considered. The need to improve the regulatory framework and methodological apparatus of pre-shift psychophysiological examinations, as well as hardware and software systems in the system of medical and psychological testing of personnel is noted.