Vol 68, No 8 (2019)

The paper gives a classification of transdermal therapeutic systems (TTS). It considers the features of matrix and reservoir therapeutic systems, as well as their advantages, since TTS is one of the promising methods for drug delivery. Attention is paid to excipients; the classification of excipients and the requirements for the latter are given. Whether various excipients can be used in TTS is considered. The use of poloxamers, which are the block copolymers polyoxyethylene and polyoxypropylene, in the manufacture of drugs is a promising area for the application of excipients. Thus, further investigations of the design and introduction of new excipients for obtaining the TTC are very relevant.

Introduction. Babies’ breath (Gypsophila paniculata L.) is known to be a rich plant source of saponins (as much as 25-28%). It is widely used in various industries as a foaming agent, absorbent and stabilizer. The rhizomes and roots of babies’ breath under the name of white, or Levantine, soaproot are exported. The plant herb and its chemical composition have not been investigated. In folk medicine, the plant is used as an expectorant, laxative and emetic. Objective: to investigate the anatomical structure of babies’ breath herb and the composition of two main groups of biologically active compounds, such as ecdysteroids and phenolic compounds. Material and methods. The investigation objects were dried aboveground plant portions harvested in the Ryazan Region. Ecdysteroids and polyphenolic compounds were analyzed by HPLC on a GILSON 305 chromatograph with a UV detector (France). Results. The stems, leaves, and flowers of the plant were analyzed by microscopy. The anatomical and diagnostic signs (the structure of the epidermis, the presence of druses) of babies’ breath were established. Ecdysteroids (ecdysterone, polypodine B) and phenolic compounds - phenolcarboxylic (caffeic, gallic, ferulic, neochlorogenic) acids, vicenin, hesperidin, catechin, epicatechin, and coumarin were proven to be present in the raw materials. Conclusion. Babies’ breath herb can be used as a highly effective source of ecdysteroids.

Introduction. The positive effects of neuroprotectors are due to their widespread use to rehabilitate patients after stroke, head injuries, and prior neurological diseases. Neuroprotective drugs are most frequently used as injections. There is no publicly available marketing research on this pharmaceutical market segment. Objective: to analyze sales and price levels and pricing trends on the Russian market of injectable neuroprotectors, to identify major trends in the growth of this pharmaceutical market segment, and to assess prospects for its development. Material and methods. The research was based on data from the retail and hospital audits of drug sales in Russia, which were provided by IMS Health and Quintiles (IQVIA). Results. Based on the data of the retail and hospital audits of drug sales, the investigators calculated the volumes of sales of injectable formulations of neuroprotectors in monetary and physical terms. They studied the time course of changes in sales volumes, drug price levels, and drug pricing trends and the analysis of import substitution. Conclusion. The research has shown the prospects of the Russian market of injectable neuroprotectors due to the growth of drug sales and to the increase in the share of Russian medicines.

Introduction. The pharmaceutical substance Kagocel is the active substance of the drug of the same name, which is used to treat viral infections. The method using tritium as a radioactive label is most appropriate to study the pharmacokinetics of this high-polymer compound in animal experiments. Objective: to perfect a bioanalytical procedure for detecting kagocel in animals and determining the main features of the pharmacokinetics of this polymer substance. Material and methods. Pharmacokinetic studies were conducted using the tritium-labeled Kagocel substance in Wistar rats. The investigation quantified the level of kagocel in the blood, tissues, and excreta of the animals. Results. The possibility of studying the pharmacokinetics of kagocel, by using the solutions of tritium-labelled substance was experimentally confirmed. The investigators determined the main pharmacokinetic parameters that were used to establish that kagocel is the typical polymer substance with a relatively low (13 -15%) absolute bioavailability when administered orally. Kagocel was characterized by its long (about 2-day) half-life and without substantial accumulation in organs and tissues. The investigators also established some methodological features of using tritium-labeled modified polysaccharides, which should be taken into account when validating the bioanalytical procedures for controlling the distribution and excretion of such products. Conclusion. The methodological approaches applied in this investigation allow quantification of the level of tritium-labeled kagocel in biological matrices. Additional studies are needed to clarify a number of parameters that more fully characterize the ADME processes of the polymer kagocel.