Vol XLVIII, No 4 (2016)

The article is devoted to topical issues of “new psychic disorder” - autopersonamnesia or autobiographical amnesia. A brief review of psychology of autobiographical memory is presented. The phenomenology, semiotic clinical picture of disorder, as well as its dynamics are described. The existing diametrically opposite points of view, regarding the nature of the disorder, are outlined: from the “new” exogenous-organic (toxic) to the assertion that they are always schizophrenia spectrum disorders or only psychogenic (conversion) ones. The data of our own observations (20 patients) for the last 15 years is presented. It is concluded that autopersonamnesia is not a mysterious new disease and in fact not a new syndrome. Autopersonamnesia is not included in the concept of retrograde amnesia and cannot occur in exogenous-organic diseases and should be considered in the framework of dissociative pathology in hysteria and schizophrenia (as a total delusional depersonalization).

The purpose of this work is to study the structure and forms of emotional response to the disease in relation to the internal bodily experience in adult patients with cystic fibrosis. The study found that in the structure of the emotional response to the disease of adults with cystic fibrosis to the fore projection of fears and apprehensions are not on the topical state of affairs, and on the time perspective and a common concern for the future against the backdrop of heightened emotional sensitivity. The dictionary of internal bodily sensations of adult patients with cystic fibrosis is characterized by an increase in the number of metaphors and bodily sensations, as well as the reduction of mental sensations. Obtained in the course study data allow us to consider the emotional response and psychosemantic content as interrelated components of internal picture of the disease, as well as the main targets of the psychocorrectional accompaniment adults with cystic fibrosis.

During the period of 1990-2013 the Russian Federation and Republic of Belarus were among the countries with high level of suicides - more than 20 cases per 100,000 of population. The peak of the suicide rates in Russia has been registered in 1992, when the suicide rate accounted for 46.1 cases per 100,000 of population, and in Belarus in 1996 (35.8 cases per 100,000 of population). During the period 1995 - 2005 the suicide rates in both countries have not reached the numbers lower than 30 cases per 100,000 of population.

The article considers pathogenic, clinical and therapeutic aspects of diabetic polyneuropathy. It is emphasized the heterogeneity of this condition both in clinical manifestations and prognosis, and perhaps in pathogenesis. The great attention is given to the most frequent variant of diabetic polyneuropathy - distal symmetrical sensorimotor polyneuropathy. The article provides a detailed description of the dynamics of neurological disorders in these patients. It also covers other forms of disorders of the peripheral nervous system in diabetesmellitus. Also are given recommendations for examination of these patients.

In the article the scientific bases for inclusion of personal disorders in psychiatric classifications are analyzed in the historical aspect. It is claimed that with the advent of an era of postmodernism criteria of diagnostics of behavioral disorders had to be changed, that in reality hasn’t occurred. The conclusion that time to bring up a question of an exception of personal and other behavioral disorders from medical classifications (ICD, DSM) has come is drawn. Key words: personal disorders, postmodernism, classification of mental and behavioral disorders.

Philosophy of postmodernism is evident in the deconstruction of classical psychiatry. A possible solution to the crisis could be the creation of a new General psychopathology, which will incorporate results of cognitive evolution and the development of the parallel reality by information technology. Key words: psychiatry, postmodernism.

Successful escape of modern psychiatry from influence of postmodernist culture is the main topic of this presentation. Here we discuss the three basic examples: history of psychopharmacology, the psychological and cultural problems of diagnostic procedure and study of the problem of language and psychosis.

This article discusses one of the possible solutions to the global methodological crisis in modern psychiatric research: the use of a multidisciplinary approach, combining clinical and psychoanalytical methods for studying mental disorders. For example, the concept of the Icarus syndrome is justified on the admissibility of the psychoanalytic interpretation of such notions as “complexes” in terms of their belonging to the particular forms of the boundary constitutional state - psychopathological diathesis. Significant attention is paid to the disclosure of the latest definition: the article considers the modern view on the problem of psychopathological diathesis, describes the basic principles for the use of the universals in clinical practice, characterizing its basic shape from the point of view of their tropism to various types of psychoses and further dynamics of development. On the basis of a consistent comparison of the above criteria of psychopathological diathesis and previously extracted features characterizing the Icarus syndrome, a comparative analysis of these concepts is carried out. Thus the authors come to the conclusionabout the possibility of the existence of mixed forms of psychopathological diathesis as the non-determinism of certain development towards separately interpreted “large” psychosis, but supporting the trend of alternative-divergent dynamics of individual evolution. This conclusion proves the tendency of possibility of using the concept of “complex” as a more convenient from the system - synergetic and holistic points of view to characterize similar intermediate forms of psychopathological diathesis in clinical descriptions and the reality of its use as one of the foundations of a new psychiatric classification.

The article deals with an innovative scientific discipline in the field of mental health - interpersonal neurobiology. It is based on the fundamental concepts of postmodern scientific discourse: “network logic, narrative approach”. Alternative to biological psychiatry understanding of psychopathology is analyzed and relationships of the therapist and the patient are also taking into account. In the article for first time in the Russian literature a review of literature on the subject is performed and the perspectives of interpersonal neurobiology as the science of mental health are discussed.

The article examines ways of interpreting psychiatric concepts in the philosophy of psychiatry. Two main approaches - a conceptual analysis and an interpretative model - are distinguished. The author compares these strategies and examines different ways of philosophical reflection on a psychiatric practice. Furthermore, the author highlights problematic aspects of both approaches. While a conceptual analysis deals rather with use of concepts, than with concepts themselves, an interpretative model could not provide a means of applying research findings.

One of the most common and the most “biologizing type of non-chemical addiction is a food addiction - meal intake dependence, complete clinical analog of chemical dependence. Binge eating disorder (ВЕD) is considered as the clinical form of food addiction as a complex psychopathological construct, including eating disorders, depression and addictive component. There are many unsolved questions regarding the diagnosis, the etiology and pathogenesis of mechanisms ВЕD, including genetic impact, and relationships with depression and addictions. There are significant behavioral, neurobiological, and genetic cross-talks in mechanisms and clinical manifestations of chemical addiction and food addiction with the main role of dopamine (DA) and endogenous opioid systems. ВЕD accumulates in families, the level of heritability is about 60%, and the direct contribution of genetic factors - up to 50%. Genetic studies using evidence-based design, detailed and quantitative analysis of family burdeness and pathogenetically substantiated gene panel, primarily DA and endogenous opioid systems as well as systems of serotonin and BDNF (brain-derived neurotrophic factor) are essential for the assessment of the genetic risk of ВЕD in primary prevention and for detection of specific clinical forms of development and clinical course with significant influence of genetic factors