Experimental morphogenesis of Amomum tsao-ko Crevost & Lemarie. In vitro culture

Relevance. A promising area of research in the field of biotechnology is the in vitro study of endemic plants used in folk medicine. Such plants include black cardamom (Amomum tsao-ko Crevost & Lemarie) - a medicinal plant. Extracts and essential oil are used in the treatment of respiratory diseases, have an antimicrobial effect, and also inhibit the development of human cancer cells. The main method of reproduction of A. tsao-ko is seed and vegetative. However, these methods have both advantages and disadvantages. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a technology for rapid reproduction of this culture in vitro. Purpose of the study. To study A. tsao-ko Crevost & Lemarie in vitro. Material and methods. The object of the study was A. tsao-ko seeds collected in the cardamom forest in the village of Sin Cau (22° 23'04.5"N 103 ° 32'44.0" VD), Giang Ma commune, Tam Duong district, Lai Chau province, Northwestern region of Vietnam. The seeds were superficially sterilized with 0.1% sulema solution for 10 minutes, then scarification was performed, after which the seeds were cultivated on a nutrient medium containing various concentrations of mineral salts according to Murashige and Skoog (MS). At the breeding stage, the effect of BAP (0.5-4 mg/l) and kinetin (0.5-2 mg/l) in combination with NAA (0.5-1 mg/l) on the proliferation of shoots and the formation of adventitious buds was studied. At the third stage of clonal micropropagation, the effect of NAA and IBA (0.25-1 mg/L) on the rooting of A. tsao-ko microbeads was studied. Results. It was found that scarification leads to an increase in seed germination by 12% compared to the control variant. Cultivation of isolated explants on a nutrient medium containing 1/16 of the norm of mineral salts according to MS, BAP 4 mg/l and NAA 0.5 mg/l contributed to obtaining the highest rates in terms of the number of adventitious shoots, their growth and the number of roots per explant. The best result for rooting microshoots was obtained on a medium containing 0.5 mg/l of IBA.