Vol 23, No 5 (2020)

Low-mineralized sulphide silt muds have high biological activity; they produce both local and general effects on the body. Fulvic acids (FA) are less understood components of peloids; they are difficult to study due to their high mineralization when isolated by classical methods. In this regard, it is relevant to find new methods for obtaining FA and determine their constitutional parameters. The aim of the work was to obtain fulvic acids of peloids with a low degree of mineralization and to determine some physical and chemical parameters. FA were isolated from low-mineralized sulphide silt muds using reprecipitation. Elemental analysis of FA samples was carried out with a Evro 300 CHN analyzer; IR spectra were recorded with an FSM 1201 IR Fourier spectrophotometer; molecular mass distribution was carried out by gel filtration, self-diffusion coefficients were determined with NMR with a magnetic field pulsed gradient; adsorption isotherms of water vapor were obtained in a vacuum adsorption unit. The IR spectra of the obtained FA sample contain a wide passband with a frequency of 3453 cm-1, which corresponds to vibrations of aliphatic groups, as well as stretching vibrations of hydroxyl groups. The transmission maximum with a frequency of 1634 cm-1 may reflect the stretching vibrations of the conjugated carbon - carbon and carbon - oxygen bonds of the carboxylate type.The molecular weight distribution revealed two fractions in the group of fulvic acids. The established adsorption characteristics show the high adsorption ability of FA of peloids. The proposed method helps to obtain a low-ash preparation with preservation of all structural components of the natural substance. The obtained characteristics of FA of peloids allow identification of natural substances; it contributes to the formation of the data and analytical base, which is necessary to shift fulvic acids to the category of standardized pharmaceutical preparations.

The parameters of the invariant equilibrium points of binary systems (for a total of 19 pairs of substances) of some antimycotic substances obtained using differential scanning calorimetry and the results of preclinical testing of eutectic dispersions with respect to N. Candida albicans (ATCC 90028) and a culture resistant to antifungal azoles are presented R. Candida albicans isolated from clinical material. The belonging of the investigated binary systems to simple eutectics is established. It was found that the antifungal activity of eutectic dispersions is significantly higher than the activities of the initial components from 4 to 4 thousand times both in relation to the N. Candida albicans and in relation to its resistant form. The noted features may be useful in the clinical use of eutectic dispersions of antifungal substances as an antifungal drug delivery system for more effective achievement of therapeutic goals.

Relevance. In recent years, close attention has been paid to the study of the expression of the PD-1 / PD-L1 signaling pathway in malignant tumors, including ovarian cancer (OC). The low effectiveness of the treatment of OC can be associated with various factors, including the mechanisms of the tumor escaping from the immune response through the PD-1 / PD-L1 immunity checkpoint system. Relatively recently, studies have appeared on the study of soluble forms of PD-1 and its ligands (sPD-1, sPD-L1 / 2) in the blood of cancer patients. These data are beginning to be actively used in an oncology clinic in the treatment of melanoma, renal cell carcinoma, non-small cell lung cancer. Purpose of the study. Analysis of the content of sPD-1 and sPD-L1 in the blood plasma of patients with OC, taking into account the main clinical and morphological characteristics of the disease. Material and methods. We examined 93 patients with OC, 22 with benign ovarian neoplasms, 10 with borderline ovarian tumors, and 35 with healthy women in the control group. In all, an ovarian tumor was detected for the first time and confirmed by histological examination. The concentrations of sPD-L1 and sPD-1 were determined in the blood plasma of patients and healthy women before the start of specific treatment using standard reagent kits for direct enzyme immunoassay Human PD-L1 Platinum ELISA and Human PD-1 ELISA kit (Affymetrix, eBioscience, USA) in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. The reliability of the differences was evaluated using nonparametric tests (Mann-Whitney U-test, Kolmogorov-Smirnov type test). For all statistical tests, p values <0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results. Isolated indicators of sPD-1 and sPD-L1 in blood plasma cannot be used as diagnostic markers of OC. The sPD-1 and sPD-L1 indices are closely related to the main clinical and morphological characteristics of OC: elevated plasma concentrations of sPD-L1 in patients with OC show a statistically significant stage of the disease, are associated with criteria T and M, the presence of metastases in the greater omentum and tumor cells in swabs from the abdominal cavity. Moreover, the degree of differentiation and the histological variant of the tumor structure are not associated with the concentrations of sPD-1 and sPD-L1 in the blood plasma of patients with OC. Unlike sPD-1, sPD-L1 concentrations are directly correlated with the levels of tumor markers CA-125 and HE-4 in the blood plasma of patients with OC. Conclusion. The data presented indicate a close relationship between the levels of sPD-1 and sPD-L1 in the blood plasma of patients with OC with adverse clinical and morphological factors of the disease. Further study of the soluble forms of sPD-1 and sPD-L1 of the PD-1 / PD-L1 signaling pathway in patients with ovarian cancer will reveal their potential role as biomarkers in assessing the prognosis of the disease.

Podophyllum peltatum L. is used in modern medicine as a source of obtaining podophyllin. Podophyllin is a mixture of resinous substances, lignans such as aryl tetralin, the cytostatic compound of podophyllotoxin, which is the main active component of podophyllin, as well as flavonoids (quercetin and campferol). GC-MS is an optimal tool for studying the volatile compounds that make up the P. peltatum medicinal plant material. The purpose of the research was to study the chemical composition of podophyllin resin obtained from the cell culture of P. peltatum. The objective of the study is to conduct a chemical analysis of podophyllin resin by GC-MS. The object of the study was suspension cell cultures of Podophyllum peltatum L., obtained from the fetus, kidney, and root of the plant, which are in the collection of All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. GC-MS analysis of the extracts was carried out on a Varian GC-220MS chromatograph-mass spectrometer with an ion trap mass analyzer. Quantification was carried out by the method of normalization by peak area. During methanol extraction of P. peltatum, the proportion of podophyllin in % of the dry weight of the cell culture was 15.98 ± 4.82% for the kidney cell line, 12.50 ± 3.32% for the fetus, and 18.38 ± 3.16% for the root. GC-MS analysis of the extract revealed a large number of volatile compounds (233-490): nitrogen-containing substances, alkaloids, esters of fatty acids, steroids, carbohydrates, glycosides, hydrocarbons, ketones, etc.