Studying the composition of the lipid complex Arctium lappa L. fruits by methods of chromato-mass spectrometry and 1H NMR spectroscopy

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Abstract

Introduction. The pharmacopoeial medicinal raw material of burdock (Arctium lappa L.) are roots. The plant has recently been introduced into the crop into cultivation and the fruits are the sowing material. If the safety stock is not used, it can be used to isolate the lipid
complex.

The goal is to study the component composition of the lipid complex of burdock fruits.

Material and Methods. Burdock fruits harvest of 2012-2015 from the biocollection of the Federal State Budgetary Institution All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (Central region of the Non-Chernozem Zone of the Russian Federation) were studied. The lipid complex was isolated with hexane and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and 1H NMR spectroscopy. Both methods are pharmacopoeial.

Results. It was established that the content of the lipid complex in the studied fruits was no less than 24.0%. The profiles and contents of fatty acids, tocopherols, sterols, triterpene alcohols, and lignans have been established. The saponified portion of lipids by triglycerides (98.9%) is represented, di- (0.7%) and monoglycerides (0.4%) in minor quantities are present. They include predominantly linoleic (59.9%), oleic (21.9%), palmitic (8.3%) and stearic (4.8%) acids. 3.5% of fatty acids by α-linolenic acid and other unsaturated acids with three double bonds are represented. Among the lignan fraction of the lipid complex, arctiin dominates (2.2%), the content of tocopherols, up to 70% of which δ-tocopherol (0.07%) is represented. Sterols and triterpene alcohols make up 0.7%, of which up to 64% consist of β-sitosterol (28.8%), Δ7-sitosterol (13.2%), cycloartenol (11.6%) and citrostadienol (10.8 %).

Conclusions. The fruits of burdock, cultivated in the Central region of the Non-Chernozem zone of the Russian Federation, are promising medicinal raw materials with a rich composition of biologically active substances.

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About the authors

E. Yu. Babaeva

All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (VILAR)

Author for correspondence.
Email: babaevaelena@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-4992-6926

Ph.D. (Biol.), Associate Professor, Leading Research Scientist

Russian Federation, Grina str. 7, Moscow, 117216

S. V. Goriainov

Peoples Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba

Email: goryainovs@list.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-7625-9110

Head of the Department of Gas Chromatography, Mass Spectrometry and NMR Spectroscopy, RERC «Pharmacy»

Russian Federation, Mikluho-Maklaya str., 8, Moscow, 117198

A. E. Burova

All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (VILAR)

Email: alla.burova@inbox.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-7161-8025

Senior Research Scientist

Russian Federation, Grina str. 7, Moscow, 117216

V. V. Vandishev

Peoples Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba

Email: vandishev2006@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-1319-2841

Educational Master, Department of General Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Technology

Russian Federation, Mikluho-Maklaya str., 8, Moscow, 117198

V. A. Ivlev

Peoples Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba

Email: verstka@rusvrach.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-9664-9506

Chief Specialist, Department of Gas Chromatography, Mass Spectrometry and NMR Spectroscopy, RERC «Pharmacy»

Russian Federation, Mikluho-Maklaya str., 8, Moscow, 117198

G. A. Kalabin

Email: verstka@rusvrach.ru
Russian Federation

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2. Fig. 1. Fragment of the chromatogram of the lipid complex of burdock fruits by total ion current (the elution region of compounds of the unsaponifiable fraction of tocopherols, sterols and triterpene alcohols; the names of the identified substances are given in Table 2)

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3. Fig. 2. Fragment of UV chromatogram (λ=280,0 nm) of a water-methanol extract from the lipid complex of burdock fruits (lignan elution region; names of identified compounds are given in Table 3)

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