Anthocyanin profile and effect at glaucoma Vaccinium arctostaphylos and Vaccinium myrtillus fruits

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Abstract

Introduction. We may use the sources of anthocyanins for prevention of glaucoma in the medicine practice. Pharmacopoeia source of anthocyanins is fruits of bilberry. Related species such as Vaccinium arctostaphyllos may be additional source of anthocyanins along with Vaccinium myrtillus.

Aim – the comparative investigation of anthocyanin profile of Vaccinium arctostaphylos and V. myrtillus fruits and its effects at the progress of glaucoma.

Material and methods. We prepared two types of extracts: without and with addition of hydrochloric acid. We got anthocyanins profile by high-performance liquid chromatography with UV-detector. Glaucoma model was prepared by injection of polystyrene microballons in anterior chamber of rats with subsequent measurement of activity of succinate dehydrogenase and concentration of thiobarbituric acid reactive products (TBARS) in the rat’s brain tissues.

Results. Water-alcohol extracts with addition of hydrochloric acid from bilberry fruits contain three anthocyanins: delphinidin, cyanidin, mixture peonidin and malvidin. Cyanidin is the major components in the both types of fruits. Water-alcohol extracts without hydrochloric acid content nine substances: delphinidin 3-galactoside, delphinidin 3-glucoside, cyanidin 3-galactoside in mixture with delphinidin 3-arabinoside, cyanidin 3-glucoside, petunidin 3-glucoside, peonidin 3-glucoside, malvidin 3-glucoside. Malvidin 3-glucoside and delphinidin 3-glucoside are the main glycosides in the V. arctostaphylos fruits, cyaniding 3-glucoside and glycosides of delphinidin – in the V. myrtillus fruits. Water-alcohol extracts with addition of hydrochloric acid had more effective as neuroprotective agent by increasing concentration of succinate dehydrogenase and decreasing amount of TBARS in the brain.

Conclusion. Extracts from bilberry fruits have neuroprotective effect by presence of total amount of anthocyanins and may be used for prevention of glaucoma.

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About the authors

Kh. A. Ibaeva

Volgograd State Medical University Ministry of Health of Russian Federation

Author for correspondence.
Email: ibaeva.hadizhat@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0002-7900-4559
SPIN-code: 6678-9776

Post-graduate Student, Department of Pharmacognosy, Botany and Technology of Phytopreparations; Pyatigorsk Medical-Pharmaceutical Institute 

Russian Federation, Kalinina Avenue, 11, Pyatigorsk,357532

A. A. Shamilov

Volgograd State Medical University Ministry of Health of Russian Federation

Email: shamilovxii@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-6730-9518
SPIN-code: 5834-3249

Dr.Sc. (Pharm.), Associate Professor, Professor of Department of Pharmacognosy, Botany and Technology of Phytopreparations; Pyatigorsk Medical-Pharmaceutical Institute 

Russian Federation, Kalinina Avenue, 11, Pyatigorsk,357532

V. N. Tashlitsky

M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University

Email: tashlitsky@belozersky.msu.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-4100-2419
SPIN-code: 2590-8903

Ph.D. (Chem.), Senior Research Scientist, Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, Chemical Faculty

Russian Federation, Leninskie Gory, GSP-1, building 40, Moscow, 119991

D. I. Pozdnyakov

Volgograd State Medical University Ministry of Health of Russian Federation

Email: pozdniackow.dmitry@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-0889-7855
SPIN-code: 6764-0279

Ph.D. (Pharm.), Head of Department of Pharmacology with course of Clinical Pharmacology; Pyatigorsk Medical-Pharmaceutical Institute 

Russian Federation, Kalinina Avenue, 11, Pyatigorsk,357532

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2. Fig.1. Chromatograms of the extract from the fruits of Vaccinium arctostaphyllos (а) and Vaccinium myrtillus (б) (solvent – 70% ethyl alcohol with a content of concentrated hydrochloric acid 1%)

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3. Fig. 2. Chromatograms of the extract from the fruits of Vaccinium arctostaphyllos (а) and Vaccinium myrtillus (б) (solvent – 70% ethyl alcohol)

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4. Fig. 3. Chromatogram of the extract from frozen fruits Vaccinium myrtillus (solvent – 70% ethyl alcohol)

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5. Fig. 4. Succinate dehydrogenase activity in the brain tissue of animals in different groups: ЧК – animals receiving the extract from Vaccinium arctostaphyllos fruits; ЧО – animals receiving the extract from Vaccinium myrtillus fruits; НК – negative control group; intact – intact animals; * – significant relative to the НК group of rats (Newman–Keuls test, p<0.05); # – significant relative to intact rats (Newman–Keuls test, p<0.05)

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6. Fig. 5. Content of TBARS in the brain of animals of different groups: ЧК – animals receiving extract from Vaccinium arctostaphyllos fruits; ЧО – animals receiving extract from Vaccinium myrtillus fruits; НК – negative control group; intact – intact animals; * – significantly relative to intact rats (Newman–Keuls test, p<0.05)

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