Vol 19, No 4 (2021)

This review attempts to generalize current data on the role of microRNAs in the pathogenesis of endometriosis and their pathogenetic relationship with the main pathomorphological phenomena in this pathology. Nowadays, many microRNAs were studied to clarify the pathogenesis of endometriosis and its reliable diagnostic marker. The difference between heterotopic endometrioid cells and intact endometrial cells is referred to in the literature as «endometrioid phenotype formation» and probably depends on changes in the expression of specific microRNAs. Increasing VEGF expression in endometriosis has a common pathogenetic axis with impaired expression of many microRNAs, like miR-29c, miR-33b, miR-199a-5p, and miR-210. Probably, changes in the expression of these microRNAs lead to the formation of an endometrioid phenotype. The subsequent pathogenetic cascade in the form of changes in the expression of miR-145 and miR-451 promotes the formation of endometriosis-associated infertility. Changes in the expression of miR-199a-5p, miR-125b-5P and miR-191 in turn increase the risk of malignization of endometrioid heterotopia. This data may serve to create both prevention and targeted therapy for endometriosis and related infertility, as well as to prevent the development of endometriosis-associated cancer.

Researchers widely use methods for modeling experimental pathological conditions to develop and preclinically evaluate the effectiveness of new drugs and study structural and functional changes in various organs and tissues. Hypothyroidism (hypofunction of the thyroid gland) is one of the most widespread diseases, which affects almost all structures of the human body. Due to the large number of methods developed to date for modeling hypothyroidism, there is a need to systematize them.The purpose of the literature review is to systematize the principles of modeling the thyroid gland’s hypofunction. This review presents a general classification, discusses the principles of implementation, and analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of the following hypothyroidism modeling methods: dietary, surgical, medicinal, immunological, radiosotopic, and genetic. These methods allow creating various specific conditions for the formation of hypofunction of the thyroid gland. To achieve the study’s goal, we analyzed the literature of domestic and foreign sources on the RSCI/elibrary and PubMed/Medline databases, respectively, published mainly during the last 20 years.

Introduction. The work is devoted to study of new medication Novacutan SBio and Novacutan YBio as potential geroprotectors for biorevitalization of the skin. Klotho was used as a marker - to assess the overall aging of cells; MTH1 - the antioxidant status of cells; AR-1 - U.V. resistance of cells; synthetic activity of cells: elastin and collagen. The aim of the study was to compare the geroprotective properties of Novacutan YBio and Novacutan SBio. Methods. To study the aging of skin cells in culture, we used the method of combined cultivation of fibroblasts and keratinocytes of human skin, and to verify the expression of signaling molecules - aging markers - methods of immunocytochemistry and confocal microscopy. An in vitro experiment was performed to study of biopsies of the skin of patients after applying various therapies using Novacutan preparations. Results. We studied the expression of signaling molecules/markers AP-1, Klotho, Elastin, MTH-1 in samples of “young” and «old» cell cultures of human fibroblasts and keratinocytes when exposed to them with Novacutan YBio and Novacutan SBio. The authors showed a stimulating effect of Novacutan on the expression of markers Klotho, Elastin, MTH-1, and inhibitory effect on AP-1 expression during cell aging in cultures. Under in vitro conditions. Novacutan Y and S preparations were found to activate synthetic processes in the skin. In this case, the combination therapy of laser skin resurfacing with Novacutan biorevitalization courses is the most favorable. Conclusion. These studies allow considering the preparation Novacutan as a drug with pronounced general regulatory and dermatogeroprotective properties.

Introduction. The investigations of the magnetic-biological effects are actual because of the permanent impact of changing Earth geomagnetic field on the live organisms. Purpose of the study was to investigate the impact of the weakened geomagnetic field (WGF) on the tissues of various genesis - ecto-, meso- and entodermal. The method of organotypic culture of tissues of Wistar line rats was used. Results. WGF stimulates cell proliferation in the mesodermal tissue (spleen, myocardium), whereas without its impact on other tissues under analysis. The WGF impact on the aerobic cells of spleen and myocardium can lead to the accumulation of the oxygen radicals, promoting a cell proliferation. The WGF stimulating effect of bioregulator peptides upon cell proliferation of all tissues, with the exception of myocardium and spleen tissue-specific peptides, was similar to the Earth magnetic field. Conclusion. The data about WGF stimulating effect on the cellular proliferation in myocardium, spleen can be used for creating physiotherapeutic methods of a regeneration increase in these tissues by pathology. The stimulating influence of bioregulator peptides upon all tissues under WGF impact is just the same as it is with the common geomagnetic field. It creates a base to its using under the WGF conditions by the fly in the cosmic space.

Introduction. The human microbiota is part of the «human-microbiome» system and is actively involved in developing various pathological responses and conditions in the body. It is currently essential to study the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis (UC), a polyetiologic disease, by assessing the contribution of representatives of the indigenous microbiota to this pathology’s development. A particular role is assigned to the major representatives of the microflora - strains of E. coli, abundantly inhabiting the large intestine, the plasticity of the genome that allows the transition from a commensal state to a pathogenic one. The aim of the study. To study the genomic potential of virulence and resistance of strains of E. coli isolated from UC patients. Methods. As part of the study, PCR indication of a collection of 87 (n=87) E. coli strains isolated from patients with ulcerative colitis was carried out. Results. The subgroup At - 48.28% of strains (n=42) was the main phylogenetic group inhabiting UC patients’ large intestine. 75.86 and 36.78% of strains, respectively, possess invasive and adhesive properties. The primary representatives of the spectrum of genes encoding pathogenicity factors are pap, aer, cnf. The prevalence of genes encoding extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in clade ABt is due to the occurrence of blaTEM, blaSHV, and blaOXA in 35.71%, 33.33%, 9.52% of strains (p=0.01). The presence of more evolutionarily late beta-lactamases of the CTX-M class, which have a worldwide tendency to spread, is noted in phylogroups B1 - 81.82% and D2 - 52.38% (p=0.01). Conclusion. The study of genetic predictors encoding proteins responsible for virulent interaction with the human body made it possible to assess the pathogenic potential of Escherichia coli strains isolated from UC patients residing in the Samara region. Determination of the phenotypic properties of fermentation of antibacterial drugs proposed in the National Clinical Guidelines made it possible to describe the level of resistance of E. coli isolates in the microecological niche of the large intestine in inflammatory disease. The proposed approach makes it possible to use the experience to characterize isolated strains of the microbiome and in other inflammatory bowel diseases, in order to study the possibilities of metabolic conjugation of a microorganism and humans.