Vol 20, No 5-4 (2018)

Numerous works of foreign authors show the relationship between microorganisms that colonize the upper and lower respiratory tract in patients with cystic fibrosis. However, no such studies have been conducted in the Russian Federation. The article presents the results of the evaluation of the species composition of microorganisms isolated from parallel cultures of nasal lavage fluid and lower respiratory tract of patients with cystic fibrosis. The aim of the study was to determine the qualitative and quantitative species composition of the nasal lavage fluid microflora and to assess the correlation of microorganisms isolated from the paranasal sinuses and lower respiratory tract. The material for the study was 61 nasal wash samples obtained from 44 patients with cystic fibrosis of the Samara region. Collection and sowing of primary material for culture media was carried out in accordance with the patent of the Russian Federation “method of collection and primary sowing of nasal lavage fluid from patients with cystic fibrosis for microbiological examination”. Identification of the isolated strains was performed using MALDI-TOF - mass spectrometry. As a result of the study, 333 strains of microorganisms were isolated. Of these, 54 strains isolated from 33 patients have proven clinical value in cystic fibrosis. The structure of clinically significant strains included such representatives as Staphylococcus aureus, Burkholderia cenocepacia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Achromobacter xylosoxydans. Analysis of the results showed that the structure of bacterial pathogens isolated from nasal lavage correlates with the composition of the microflora of the lower respiratory tract. The study revealed 8 patients at risk for infection with strains of proven clinical significance in cystic fibrosis from the upper respiratory tract. Thus, paranasal sinuses can be a source of lower respiratory tract infection in patients with cystic fibrosis. Regular microbiological examination of the microflora from nasal lavage fluid allows to identify clinically significant microorganisms at an early stage and can be considered as a way of early prevention of the formation of chronic bacterial infection of the lower respiratory tract in cystic fibrosis.

The article presents the results of a study of cenopopulations of Erophila verna in the vegetation communities of the “water-land” ecotone system on the coast of Chograysky reservoir, located on the border of Kalmykia and Stavropol Krai. The structural and functional organization of the “water-land” ecotonic system of the coast in question is characterized in terms of its four separate blocks: fluctuational, dynamic, distant and marginal. Each of the structural blocks of the ecotonic system is represented by a certain plant community. The fluctuational block of the ecotone system includes two separate zones; in the second zone, the more distant from the water’s edge, Tamarix ramosissima - Artemisia santonica community grew on wet meadow strongly saline soils. In the dynamic block a community T. ramosissima - A. santonica was formed on almost non-saline meadow soils. The distant block consisted of two zones. The vegetation of the first zone was represented by Artemisia santonica, A. austriaca - Poaceta and Artemisia santonica, A. austriaca - Poa bulbosa communities. The vegetation of the second zone was represented by Artemisia taurica, A. austriaca - Poa bulbosa community with the Anabasis growing on meadow-chestnut non-saline soils. In the marginal block there was Artemisia austriaca community growing on meadow-chestnut, non-saline soils. The cenopopulations of Erophila verna examined in different structural blocks of the ecotone system of Chograysky reservoir showed specific density characteristics. Cenopopulations of E. verna 1 and 2, which were growing in the fluctuational and dynamic blocks of the ecotone, were characterized in terms of individual plants’ growth by three architectural variants, including plants of one-, two - and three shoots; one-shoot plants showing the biggest frequency (from 58.1% to 83.1%). Cenopopulation 3 showed a decreasing frequency of plants of one to six shoots. Finally, cenopopulation 4 was characterized by a decreasing frequency of one to five shoot plants; also, there were eight shoot plants with a frequency of 0.6%.

In article results of studying of a biodiversity of young trees of the birch forest are given in the Republic of Mari El. The age of forest stands was 37-39 years. During the work was determined the total biomass of plants, biomass and assimilating neassimiliruyuschih bodies as well as their ratio, the contribution of each population to the total mass, was carried occurrence score, determined the average height and diameter of the plants included in the regrowth. Made their recalculation for definition of characteristics of young trees, on platforms on 4 m2 two cross tape transects of 1 m of width. Analysis of the results showed that all of the undergrowth consists of a population of 9 species of woody plants: Betula pendula Roth., Ulmus laevis Pall, Quercus robur L., Picea х fennica (Regel) Kom., Acer platanoides L.), TÍlia cordáta Mill., Populus tremula L., Abies sibirica L., Pinus silvestris L.. The phytomass of young trees varies from 2.41 to 9.08 t/ha. Both the total phytomass and the mass of the assimilating and nonassimilative organs are positively correlated with the occurrence. The mass of assimilating organs of young trees is 11-14 times less than the nonassimilative ones. The greatest contribution to the total mass is made by the populations of TÍlia cordáta and Betula pendula.

The results of comparative analyzes of the electrical properties (impedance and polarization coefficient) of healthy and pathological tissues of male and female white outbred rats are presented. It is shown that simulation of chronic chemical (diet with the inclusion of sodium nitrite and m-toluidine) and social (overcrowding) stress for 270 days leads to the development of pretumor pathologies and tumors of the gastrointestinal tract in 56% of animals, and there are 1.6 times more males with tumors than females, which is confirmed by histological studies. Measuring the impedance,it has been established that such a complex stress effect induces significant changes in the electrical parameters of the erythrocyte mass, as well as the tissues of the stomach and liver. In particular, a significant decrease was found in comparison with the control of the tissue polarization coefficient in males and females, respectively: in erythrocyte mass by 17 and 6%; in the gastric mucosa by 43 and 36%; in liver by 50 and 43% - this alltogether may characterize the decrease in tissue viability and the presence of necrotic changes in them. It is shown that changes in the electrical parameters of tissues in males are more pronounced, which corresponds to the frequency of pathology development in males. It is noted that changes in the electrical parameters of erythrocyte mass is a convenient in vivo monitoring approach for studying the development of pathologies, including precancerous conditions of the gastrointestinal tract.

A parasitological analysis of dog’s coprolites obtained during excavations of the medieval settlement «Nadymsky town», located in the north of Western Siberia (Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District (hereinafter - YNAO)) was conducted. Samples are selected from a layer that is dated by the dendrochronological method in the second half of the 17th - early 18th centuries. The presence of invasion by 4 species of helminths has been revealed: Alaria alata (Goeze, 1782), Opisthorchis felineus (Rivolta, 1884) Blanchard, 1895, Diphyllobothrium latum Linnaeus, 1758 and Toxocara canis Werner 1782. Thus, in the Yamal Peninsula for 300-500 years’ resistant foci of diphyllobothriasis, opisthorchiasis, alariasis, and also toxocariasis.

The flora of the Russian Caucasus is rich and original, but to date, its quantitative composition has not been established, which does not allow for a comprehensive analysis, including a systematic one. Such an analysis makes it possible to identify the specific features of the flora, to show its difference from other floras, as well as to determine the taxonomic similarity of the flora with other regions of the Palearctic. The study was conducted on the basis of an analysis of the list of the flora of the Russian Caucasus, compiled by the author, numbering 4577 species belonging to 1075 genera and 184 families. The basis of the study is the analysis of systematic spectra of families and genera. The proportions of the flora at the level of families, genera and species were determined, systematic spectra of families and genera were compiled. The shift of proportions among angiosperms in the direction of decreasing of dicotyledons and increasing monocots was revealed. It was established that according to the hierarchical subordination of families, the studied flora is of a mixed Mediterranean-Boreal nature. An indicator of the absolute originality of the flora is the presence of 11 endemic genera in its composition. The flora of the Russian Caucasus is of mixed Mediterranean-Boreal origin. Its specific features include a large participation of the largest and large families and genera, monotypic families and genera, and a high generic coefficient. The originality of the flora is determined by the composition of endemic species and genera

This paper reviews the fish helminths from the Samara region. 182 helminth species were noted in 33 studied fish species: Monogenea - 67, Cestoda - 30, Amphilinida - 1, Aspidogastrea - 1, Trematoda - 53, Nematoda - 22, Acanthocephala - 8. The host range, detection areas, infection rates and authors who found the parasite in the region are indicated for each of parasite species. The largest numbers of species are represented in fish monogenes of the Dactylogyridae - 38 species, Gyrodactylidae - 12 and Diplozoidae - 9. 5 helminths (Nicolla skrjabini, Apophallus muehlingi, Rossicotrema donicum, Schyzocotyle acheilognathi and Khawia sinensis) are invasive species. The prospects of parasitological studies of fish in the Samara region are indicated.