No 1 (2015)

Iron deficiency in pediatric patients has a high prevalence and long-term consequences for children's health. The main diagnostic criteria for evaluation of iron metabolism in the body include laboratory parameters, as clinical manifestations in childhood are nonspecific. The basis of drug therapy of latent iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia include a long-term oral use of iron preparations; therefore the choice of drug should be based on the pharmacological characteristics. Iron preparation, based on Ferric(III)-hydroxide polymaltose complex, on chemical structure are as close as possible to the structure of natural compounds of iron and ferritin, and they are highly effective and safe iron preparations.

Water-soluble (micellized) form of vitamin D is very effective for the correction of D hypovitaminosis, especially in patients with fat malabsorption (hypofunction of the liver and gallbladder, cystic fibrosis, etc.). The present article shows that the micelle formation (ie, the formation of nano-dispersed emulsion) plays a key role in the uptake of vitamin D from foods and pharmaceuticals.

The article considers differentiated recommendations aimed to formation of optimal feeding behavior of infants and children from one to three years. Data indicating the important role of proper nutrition for pregnant and lactating women as one of the key factors in the formation of the stereotype of child nutrition are presented. The question of the mode of infant feeding in baby-led feeding is discussed. In the article, data on the organization of complementary foods as an important stage in the formation of feeding behavior of the child take a great place to. Particular attention is paid to the organization of nutrition for older children when the child starts to get used to the «family table». Processes of digestion, the activity of digestive enzymes, the state of the mucous membrane of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and masticatory apparatus, protective systems of children aged from 1 to 3 years are more developed and more adapted to the use of «hard adult» food as compared to children younger than 1 year. At the same time, the reduced activity of digestive enzymes and increased sensitivity of immature gastrointestinal mucous membranes to the action of mechanical and chemical irritants are retained. Given the immaturity of the digestive organs and the masticatory apparatus, infants require special cooked foods and dishes. An example of set of products for children from one to three years is presented. Given that the milk and dairy products are important source of high quality protein (about 3 g/100 ml), calcium and B2 vitamin for in children older than 1 year, the article represents «third formulas» and dairy drinks, products that are based on cow's milk with optimized composition of micronutrients and can be widely used in the nutrition of young children. However, some children are extremely reluctant to drink milk and dairy drinks. Therefore, new types of products with a high content of milk and high organoleptic qualities - cocktails and desserts - were developed. An important feature of all kinds of drinks and desserts is that they have sweet taste, whereby they can be used as an alternative to confectionary products.

The prevalence, multiplicity and diversity of causal factors, the variability of clinical manifestations, the complexity of detection of disorders of the colon and its sphincter systems support internists’ interest to the diagnosis and treatment of irritable bowel syndrome. Given the wide variety of signs of systemic process in childhood, the comprehensive examination of pediatric patients with abdominal pain and dyspepsia is advisable. Accurate syndrome-based diagnosis has fundamental importance for pediatric practice, and determines the need for treatment and treatment strategy; the tactical task of the doctor is the choice of the drug with the highest therapeutic and lowest toxic potential.

The results of the study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of tocilizumab (TCZ) in children with polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis option (pYulA) resistant to previous therapy with conventional disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs), treated with tocilizumab (TCZ) at a dose of 8 mg/kg every 4 weeks for 6-42 months. The study shows the long-term efficacy and safety of TCZ in patients with polyarticular JIA option, high-status «inactive disease», TCZ monotherapy indistinguishable from combination therapy with methotrexate TCZ. There were no differences in the effectiveness of the treatment of patients with previously untreated and treated GIBP During therapy with TCZ no serious adverse events that led to the abolition of therapy.

The article discusses the problems associated with acute otitis media (AOM), which is one of the most common inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract in young and middle-aged children. The data regarding the prevalence, etiology and pathogenesis, clinical course and treatment of this pathology are presented.