Vol 13, No 2 (2023)

The problems of countries' digitalization and sustainable development on the eve of "deglobalization" are considered. A new approach to assessing the development of regional socio-economic systems using an invariant coordinate system of energy flows is proposed. It provides a better identification of countries and regions as stable socio-economic structures. Based on the concepts of full and useful power in open non-equilibrium stable socio-economic systems, definitions for a formalized description of the sustainable development monitoring are proposed. The reserach purpose was to present a new model of analysis of regional socio-economic development using energy units of economic relations' measurement and substantiate the relationship between countries' digitalization and sustainable development. An analysis of the development indicators for fourteen European countries is given. A correlation between the main development trends, the technological level and the digitalization is established. In conditions of uncertainty and rapid changes in the global economic environment, the data obtained can provide the necessary information for developing a strategy for sustainable economic development and digital transformation of Russian regions. The article may be of interest to researchers whose area of interest includes regions' digitalization and sustainable development. The results of the study can be useful for practical managers who develop and implement strategies for regions' innovative development.

Ensuring economic security in the context of the development of the digital economy is associated with the need to level emerging new types of threats and risks, as well as the formation of an appropriate institutional infrastructure. The article summarizes the characteristics of the federal institutions of innovative development of the Russian Federation. The results of the study showed a specific institutional diversity with a fairly wide list of instruments of state support measures. At the same time, it is determined that not all types of institutions are effective. The authors have given a number of recommendations defining the most important ways of improvement.

The article is aimed at revealing the options of approaches to the consideration of the problem of technological sovereignty. Initially, the context of technological sovereignty is considered. The formation of a new model of the Russian economy in modern conditions is discussed. It is a limited open economy of a sovereign type. Then, the author explores the economic-theoretical, system-safety and institutional aspects of technological sovereignty. The corresponding characteristics of the category under consideration are given. The area of deployment of technological sovereignty, represented by the technosphere, is described. The production aspect of the problem under study is characterized. Its industrial and political perspective aimed at revealing the mechanism of achieving technological sovereignty is identified. Further, the author's approach to developing criteria for assessing the achievement of technological sovereignty is given. The essential characteristics of technological sovereignty in various aspects of the problem under study are compared. In conclusion, the author's assumption of the main research vectors of technological sovereignty is given.

The article considers the existing definitions of artificial intelligence.For all the variety of the concept there is always a reference to the software and hardware nature of technical solutions and an indication of the main purpose of their application: the automation and copying of intelligent human behavior. The country-specific features of the AI development in the USA, China and the EU are determined. The leading positions of countries in certain subdomains of AI are particularized.They are as follows: publication and investment activity, the patents availability, unicorn companies, etc. Differences in approaches to regulating the AI family of technology in these countries have been identified. It has been established that diversity and asymmetry in the norm-setting activity developing in this area are already fragmenting global digital markets, hindering the international exchange of best practices in technical achievements and threatening the success of the business model of digital platforms and ecosystems.

The increasing complexity of the social and economic structures of human society leads to the need to develop more effective and progressive management methods. The increasing digitalization of the global world has also affected the sphere of management principles. The concept of digitalization includes the transfer to computer algorithms of partially or completely functions previously acting on human decisions. However, some new approaches and concepts of doing business can be revolutionary and involve a complete change in the approaches of our society to management. This determines the relevance of this study.An overview of modern research and development in the field of artificial intelligence is presented. Information on the artificial intelligence development trends, allowing to support the implementation and management of artificial intelligence systems, is provided. The authors focus on the real potential benefits of digital transformation, as well as consider the associated benefits and some concerns. Examples of leaders in the industry are given. The authors discuss the topic of planning activities for the application of digital transformation.The analyzed trends of activity in the field of digital transformation, as well as the prospects of artificial intelligence in the fields of management and project planning, may be interesting and useful for theorists and practitioners solving the problem of practical application of digital tools for designing a modern management system. The study is supported by an analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of this process, as well as examples of Russian companies that successfully implement artificial intelligence technology.

The spread of the coronavirus pandemic accelerated the processes of digital transformation in all spheres, including the financial sector. The interest of economic entities in electronic means of payment and cryptocurrencies has significantly increased. The issue and circulation of a large number of private digital money requires state regulation and the development of specialized legislation in the field of virtual or digital currency. The study of the enforcement of virtual currencies and the differentiation of the concepts of cryptocurrency and digital currency is an urgent and timely topic.The scientific novelty of the research consists in the systematization of the economic, legal and theoretical basis for the issuance and turnover of cryptocurrencies and digital currencies in Russia and abroad. In particular, features of cryptocurrencies and digital currencies, advantages and disadvantages of accrual of interest on the digital ruble were identified. This allows for further development of the conceptual and categorical apparatus of the sphere under consideration.In order to effectively implement the concept of the digital ruble in the Russian Federation, further improvement of specialized digital law, as well as the elimination of legal conflicts in issuance and circulation of private money will be required.The results of the study may be useful to the expert community and specialists of the financial sector who carry out research and practical activity in regulation of the cryptocurrency market, as well as to state authorities implementing projects of digital transformation in Russia.

This article examines the existing financial imbalances, describes the current trends of the global banking market in the context of interest rate increases by the US Federal Reserve System and the European Central Bank. Possible ways of overcoming the newly emerged imbalances with the help of digital technologies and integration with e-commerce enterprises are considered. A historical example of the imbalance and the successful overcoming of it by the Spanish banking system using digital technologies is presented. The prospects for the development and implementation of modern technologies to eliminate financial imbalances in the future are described.

The article is devoted to the study of trends and prospects for the fintech development amidst macroeconomic instability. The relevance of the topic is due to the ongoing process of the financial sector digitalization of the world economy. The article examines the relationship between investments in fintech and the level of fintech development in different regions. The most promising areas of financial innovation amidst global financial instability are highlighted. The research is based on general scientific methods of cognition, such as induction and deduction, analysis and synthesis, comparison and graphical interpretation of statistical information and time series. The analysis of fintech in Russia with the identification of weaknesses and strengths was carried out; a classification of digital technology development directions based on the architecture of the traditional financial sector is proposed. Conclusions based on the results of the analysis are drawn.

The article deals with the problems of interrelation of individual parameters of innovative development at the national level. The relevance of this research area is associated with the need to activate innovative development at all levels of management due to the increasing resource and institutional constraints at the present stage of development.The authors' model with the resulting indicator of the volume of innovative goods, works and services produced in the Russian Federation and two independent variables - the amount of costs for innovation activities and the number of researchers with academic degrees - was formed. A subsequent analysis of this model was carried out.The formed model makes it possible to solve individual tasks of planning the innovative development of the national economy, as well as adaptation for the regional level in the future.A statistically significant model of the national level was obtained. The existence of a relationship between individual parameters of innovative development was proved; national peculiarities of the formation of these processes were revealed.This study can be used in the future by researchers and representatives of public authorities for planning and analyzing innovative national processes.

In modern conditions of new technological challenges that have caused high rates of technological development and increased interregional competition, the assessment of innovative and scientific and technological development of the country's regions is an important scientific and practical task, which determines the relevance of the study. The article is devoted to the study of rating methods used to assess the innovative and scientific and technological development of the subjects of the Russian Federation, in order to compare and conduct a comparative analysis of the positions of the regions to identify their strengths and weaknesses in innovative and scientific and technological development. The study provides a brief overview of the most well-known Russian ratings of innovative and scientific and technological development based on statistical reporting and expert assessments. The analysis of scientific publications devoted to the compilation and comparison of ratings as tools for assessing socio-economic and scientific and technological development of regions is carried out. The main directions of methods for compiling ratings of scientific and technological development of the subjects of the Russian Federation and the systems of indicators used in them are considered. The analysis of comparability of the results of rating studies of scientific and technological development of the regions of the Volga Federal District is carried out. The conclusion is formulated that the use of the results of a particular rating is advisable based on the directions and objectives of each specific study. In general, rating as a method of assessing the innovative and scientific and technological development of Russian regions makes it possible to assess the position of a particular region in the innovative development of the country, to identify the strengths and weaknesses of the regions in order to eliminate imbalances and increase investment attractiveness, contributing to the balanced territorial development of the country and strengthening its technological sovereignty.The article was published in accordance with the Research Plan of the Institute of Economics of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

The article is devoted to the evaluation of the effectiveness of innovation activity in the region. The authors analyzed researches on methods of assessing the regional innovation development and methods of ranking, as well as evaluating the effectiveness of innovation activity in the region. The authors' methodology for assessing the effectiveness of innovation activity in the region is proposed. It allows calculating the efficiency coefficient through input and output parameters characterizing the indicators of resource potential and the effectiveness of innovation activity in the region. The efficiency coefficient of innovation activity of the Far Eastern Federal District regions is calculated. The comparison of the rankings of innovation and scientific and technological development carried out by various organizations for 2018-2021 is given. It also shows the level of efficiency of innovation activity in the Far Eastern region. According to the results of the analysis, there is a positive close relationship between the input and output indicators. This makes it possible to apply the proposed methodology also for modeling predictive assessments of the effectiveness of innovation activity in the region. FUNDING.The article was prepared within the framework of the state task of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation under the project No. FSRG-2023-0025 "Modern methods of mathematical modeling and their applications".

The article contains the results of a study devoted to the analysis of the possibilities of using end-to-end digital technology in the vocational training system and assessing the potential for improving the quality of education based on modern and promising digital solutions.The results of the analysis of existing end-to-end digital technology used in education are presented. The possibilities of using predictive analytics in the vocational training system are shown. The development trends of the vocational training system based on digital solutions in order to improve the quality of education are described.The possibilities of using the full range of digital technology in the vocational training system are systematized. This made it possible to obtain matrices for the use of end-to-end digital technology in the main processes of the university, as well as in the implementation of educational programs.The results of the study may be of interest to the management teams of educational organizations engaged in mass training of students, in terms of the development of digital platforms, for engineering and technical employees and organizations engaged in the development of digital solutions in the field of education, in terms of developing new products and improving existing ones.

Startups of creative industries act as a unit of an integral mechanism. This is is the startup industry in the digital economy. This statement is possible due to the consideration of the Chinese experience in the formation of creative industries. As a result of the analysis of creative industries as objects of research in the Russian economic space of research projects of leading Russian research schools of the Higher School of Economics, NAFI, Agency for Strategic Initiatives since 2021, the authors have identified a lack of attention to startups as a structure that allows generating and scaling ideas of creative industries. The authors clarified the concept of a "startup of creative industries" as a temporary structure that includes the characteristics of a startup in the areas of "ideas, objects of intellectual activity", compliance with the All-Russian Classifier of Types of Economic Activity of Creative Industries, project management of a startup. The concept of a "startup industry" has been formed. It includes its own and attracted startups, relying on funds from state funds, corporations, foreign funds and corporations, large technology companies as sources of financing.The institutional mechanisms of the startup industry are as follows: technoparks, startup incubators, startup community, technological transfer between leading domestic and foreign universities. The results of the study can be used by specialists to form the startup industry in the Russian economic space, including the startup industry of creative industries.FUNDING: The article was carried out with the scholarship support of Kazan Innovation University named after V.G. Timiryasov.

This article provides a detailed analysis of the PRC's Digital Silk Road initiative in the context of its potential impact on the global economy. At the present stage, technology has become an important factor in the foreign economic competitiveness of states. The changing landscape of the global economy increases the importance of conceptual approaches to promoting innovation in global markets. The authors conduct an industry analysis of a number of key areas of implementation of the mentioned program, including wireless communication infrastructure based on 5G technology, electronic commerce and digital currency of the People's Bank of China (digital yuan). In addition, the approaches of the PRC to the development of specialized international standards are considered. Accordingly, within the framework of this research, a scientific task to determine China's approaches to using innovations to promote foreign economic competitiveness is being solved. The study will be of interest to international researchers, economists, as well as specialists in digital economy and international trade.

The article identifies the main trends in the development of global energy and the features of relevant digitalization effects. Theoretical and methodological approaches to optimal development of the Russian energy market are presented. A comparative analysis of indicators that determine the degree of influence of the Russian Federation and the People’s Republic of China in the countries of Central Asia has been conducted. The main directions, positive aspects and risks of Russia’s cooperation with friendly countries in the energy sector are analyzed. Based on the example of existing enterprises, the economic effect of the introduction of digital solutions was analyzed.Within the framework of pilot projects, operating and investment costs were optimized. Due to the implementation of appropriate measures, sales of traditional businesses increased.The original framework for the assessment of the global impact factors on technological development in the field of digital technology and intelligent energy is proposed.