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№ 4 (2012)
- Жылы: 2012
- Мақалалар: 17
- URL: https://journals.eco-vector.com/2226-6976/issue/view/6582
Articles
IMMUNOLOGICAL AND EPIDEMIOLOGICAL EFFICIENCIES OF DIFFERENT VARILRIX VACCINE REGIMENS IN ORGANIZED MILITARY COLLECTIVE BODIES
Аннотация
This disease in the military collective body. The epidemiological efficiency of emergency specific prophylaxis on day 4 after registration of the first case of varicella is 60.7% and that of planned prophylaxis is 100%. this disease in the military collective body. The epidemiological efficiency of emergency specific prophylaxis on day 4 after registration of the first case of varicella is 60.7% and that of planned prophylaxis is 100%. Conclusion. Varilrix vaccine use in the organized military collective bodies showed immunological and epidemiological efficiencies.
Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases. Current Items. 2012;(4):4-9
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THE RESULTS OF USING SOME RAPID UREASE TESTS IN THE LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS OF HELICOBACTER PYLORI INFECTION
Аннотация
Objective. To estimate the rate of Helicobacter pylori infection in the gastric mucosa by rapid urease methods (HELIC test and HELPIL test) versus the results of histobacterioscopic examination. Subjects and methods. Two hundred and eighty-six patients with chronic gastrointestinal diseases associated with Helicobacter pylori were followed up. Their gastric biopsy specimens obtained at esophagogastroduodenoscopy and stained using the special procedure were examined. At the same time, the diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection was made applying the HELIC test and the HELPIL test. Results. The rate of Helicobacter pylori infection was 95.8±1.6%, as evidenced by a histobacterioscopic study. Comprehensive examination using the above rapid tests indicated that their results agreed with those of histobacterioscopy that is considered to be the gold standard in 89.3±2.4 and 92.4±2.4% of cases, respectively. Conclusion. The findings point to the high diagnostic value of these tests in diagnosing Helicobacter pylori infection.
Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases. Current Items. 2012;(4):10-12
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TWO-STEP DIAGNOSIS OF IXODES TICK-BORNE BORRELIOSES IN CHILDREN
Аннотация
Objective. To study the clinical features of Ixodes tick-borne borrelioses in children and to evaluate the cellular and humoral components of the immune system in different periods after infected tick bite. Subjects and methods. A group of children who had sustained transmissive tick-borne infections over 13 years (19992011) was examined, retrospectively analyzed, and followed up. Results. The study has demonstrated that the valid diagnosis of Ixodes tick-borne borrelioses, erythema-free form and mixed diseases in particular, requires that the stepwise diagnosis be introduced into clinical practice through a compulsory examination of patients with a history of tick suction for tick-borne borreliosis irrespective of the magnitude of clinical manifestations.
Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases. Current Items. 2012;(4):13-15
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POSSIBILITIES OF CORRECTING INTERFERON-INDUCED LEUKOPENIA IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEPATITIS C
Аннотация
Russian Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Ministry of Health and Social Development of Russia, Moscow Objective. To determine whether leukopenia might be corrected with allokin-alpha in patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) receiving combination antiviral therapy (AVT). Subjects and methods. Sixty-f ive patients aged 18 to 36 years with CHC and leukopenia resulting from combination therapy with pegylated interferon (IFN)-α-2а and ribavirin were followed up. For correction of evolving IFN-induced leukopenia, the patients received 18 allokin-alpha injections subcutaneously as three subsequent courses (6 injections for each course) in a dose of 1.0 mg thrice weekly for 2 weeks at a one-week interval between the courses. The drug was administered after 12-week combination therapy. Results. The use of allokin-alpha during standard AVT for CHC leads to the elimination of IFN-induced leukopenia in 75% of the patients, which allows the whole course of therapy to be performed in the majority of patients, without reducing the dose of IFN.
Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases. Current Items. 2012;(4):16-20
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HIV AS AN INDEPENDENT RISK FACTOR FOR CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES
Аннотация
There are currently over 34 million HIV-infected people worldwide. The extensive use of antiretroviral therapy has resulted in longer survival in these patients and a change in the structure of their mortality, with the role of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) being increased. In addition, the incidence of CVD among the HIV-infected is greater than that in the general population and the presence of HIV infection is an independent risk factor for CVD. Why CVD is so common among HIV-infected subjects has not been clarified so far. The paper discusses the role of conventional risk factors that are also more widely spread in this group of patients than in the general population; that of immune and endothelial dysfunction, proinflammatory status, the direct impact of HIV infection on the cardiovascular system and the role of antiretroviral therapy. Despite a large number of studies, they have failed to establish what role of HIV in the development of CVD. By taking into account the wide spread of HIV infection and the risk factors HIV-infected patients have, this problem deserves special attention and requires further investigations.
Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases. Current Items. 2012;(4):21-25
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EFFICACY OF THE INOSINE PRANOBEX MOLECULE IN THERAPEUTIC AND PEDIATRIC PRACTICE
Аннотация
The review presents the results of a comprehensive study of the main properties of the immunomodulator inosine pranobex (a synthetic analogue of inosine): its pharmacokinetics, (acute, subacute, and chronic) toxicity, immunomodulatory activity, and the mechanism of antiviral, therapeutic, and protective actions on cell cultures, in avian and animal experiments, and in the trials studying the safety and efficacy of the drug in healthy volunteers and its incorporation into combination therapy for various viral infections in adults and children. By and large, the vast majority of authors hold that the drug may be recommended for the treatment and prevention of acute and persistent viral infections, including those in immunocompromised persons.
Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases. Current Items. 2012;(4):26-32
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THE HISTORICAL AND EPIDEMIOLOGICAL ASPECTS AND RISK FACTORS OF PREMENSTRUAL SYNDROME
Аннотация
Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a common abnormality characterized by diverse cyclically recurrent symptoms that develop during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. The rate of PMS depends on age: PMS is observed in 20% of women at the age of 19-29 years, the syndrome is encountered in nearly every two women after 30 years of age, and its incidence is more than 55% among women over 40 years of age. Recent investigations have established that young girls have a much higher prevalence of PMS (its rate may be as high as 70% or more). The review gives data on the most common manifestations of PMS and basic theories of its occurrence and considers the historical and epidemiological aspects of this pathological condition.
Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases. Current Items. 2012;(4):33-38
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CLINICAL AND EPIDEMIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF OPISTHORCHIASIS
Аннотация
Opisthorchiasis (Op) cases have been registered in 87.6% of the Russian administrative territories, with their highest prevalence being observed in the Ob-Irtysh River basin. The prevalence of O. felineus invasion is as high as 68.8 and 27.7% among the adults and children aged 7-15 years of the Tomsk region, respectively. The average federal Op morbidity rate is 28.56 per 100 000 population, 787.8 in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous District, 351.5 in the southern areas of the Tyumen Region, and 136-173.5 in the Novosibirsk Region. In the Omsk Region, the number of patients infected with Op grew by 10 times from the 1960s to the 1990s. The clinical manifestations of the acute and chronic stages of Op are more severe in newly-arrived persons than in natives. Primary chronic Op is more common in the indigenous population. Op worsens the course of many diseases and pregnancy and can lead to cholestasis and cholangiocarcinoma that increases galectin-1 protein gene expression.
Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases. Current Items. 2012;(4):39-43
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ASSOCIATION OF THE COLONIC MICROFLORA WITH THE OCCURRENCE OF COLORECTAL CANCER
Аннотация
The human intestinal microflora comprises approximately 100 trillion microorganisms belonging to 36 000 species. It plays an important role in the maintenance of local and systemic homeostasis of a host macroorganism, by performing a number of vitally important functions. Impaired function of the intestinal microflora may increase the risk of developing a considerable number of diseases. The review considers the role of the intestinal microflora in the development of colorectal cancer. The analysis of the data available in the literature allows one to denote the basic groups of the mechanisms (metabolic, immune and intrinsic microbial) responsible for carcinogenesis associated with the activity of the representatives of the intestinal microflora, to identify potentially carcinogenic bacteria, and to propose theoretically and practically promising areas of the examined branch of science. The investigation of the impact of prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics on the risk of cancer and that of interactions between major cancer risk factors, intestinal microflora, and the probability of colorectal cancer are particularly urgent. Judging from the recent increasing trend in the number of cancer cases associated with biological carcinogens and due to continuous progress in molecular biology techniques, many associations of the representatives of the human body microflora with the risk of different types of malignancies will be discovered in the future.
Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases. Current Items. 2012;(4):44-52
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CURRENT CLASSIFICATION OF NEW INFECTIONS: A NEW VIEW OF THE OLD PROBLEM
Аннотация
The paper covers different types of grouping new infections and new pathogens, which have been developed by Russian and foreign investigators. It presents the authors’ classification of new infections according to their detection modes, as exemplified by new infectious diseases. Different issues of the systematization of scientific data on new infections and their etiological agents are discussed.
Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases. Current Items. 2012;(4):53-57
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POSSIBLE MECHANISMS OF CYCLICITY AND SEASONALITY IN THE EPIDEMIC PROCESS
Аннотация
Based on the analysis of the data available in the literature and his findings, the author gives an epidemiological assessment of existing judgments of the influence of different factors on the formation of seasonal peaks of morbidity. Emphasis is placed on the correlation between phenomena, such as seasonality and cyclicity, in the epidemic process. The hypothesis that these phenomena are the result of an agreement between microorganisms is substantiated.
Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases. Current Items. 2012;(4):58-62
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NUCLEOSIDE ANALOGUES IN THE TREATMENT OF DECOMPENSATED HEPATIC CIRRHOSIS CAUSED BY HEPATITIS B VIRUS
Аннотация
Chronic hepatic B virus (HBV) infection frequently leads to hepatic cirrhosis, whose decompensation reflects HBV reactivation under the influence of different exogenous and endogenous factors. The paper describes a case of reactivation of HBV infection in a female patient with chronic asymptomatc hepatic cirrhosis, rapidly developing liver cell failure and portal hypertension, as well as generalized vasculitis with the involvement of the aorta and its major branches (aortoarteritis) abolished by long-term entecavir treatment.
Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases. Current Items. 2012;(4):63-68
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TOXIC SHOCK SYNDROME TOXIN-PRODUCING STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS
Аннотация
The paper describes a rare case of a girl aged 14 years and 9 months with a rapid (24-hour) fatal outcome, difficulties in establishing the diagnosis, and its final conclusion after autopsy and laboratory studies.
Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases. Current Items. 2012;(4):69-71
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HISTORICAL ASPECTS, DEVELOPMENT PRIORITIES, AND NEW TECHNOLOGIES IN THE DIAGNOSIS AND PREVENTION OF HUMAN DISEASES (ACCORDING TO THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE ANNIVERSARY SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE ON EPIDEMIOLOGY
Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases. Current Items. 2012;(4):72-76
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REShENIE UChEBNO-METODIChESKOY KOMISSII PO EPIDEMIOLOGII
Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases. Current Items. 2012;(4):77-78
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PAMYaTI PROFESSORA VIKTORA VASIL'EVIChA DALMATOVA
Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases. Current Items. 2012;(4):79-79
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PAMYaTI SVETLANY EVGEN'EVNY SMIRNOVOY
Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases. Current Items. 2012;(4):80-80
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