No 4 (2012)

This disease in the military collective body. The epidemiological efficiency of emergency specific prophylaxis on day 4 after registration of the first case of varicella is 60.7% and that of planned prophylaxis is 100%. this disease in the military collective body. The epidemiological efficiency of emergency specific prophylaxis on day 4 after registration of the first case of varicella is 60.7% and that of planned prophylaxis is 100%. Conclusion. Varilrix vaccine use in the organized military collective bodies showed immunological and epidemiological efficiencies.

Objective. To study the clinical features of Ixodes tick-borne borrelioses in children and to evaluate the cellular and humoral components of the immune system in different periods after infected tick bite. Subjects and methods. A group of children who had sustained transmissive tick-borne infections over 13 years (19992011) was examined, retrospectively analyzed, and followed up. Results. The study has demonstrated that the valid diagnosis of Ixodes tick-borne borrelioses, erythema-free form and mixed diseases in particular, requires that the stepwise diagnosis be introduced into clinical practice through a compulsory examination of patients with a history of tick suction for tick-borne borreliosis irrespective of the magnitude of clinical manifestations.

There are currently over 34 million HIV-infected people worldwide. The extensive use of antiretroviral therapy has resulted in longer survival in these patients and a change in the structure of their mortality, with the role of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) being increased. In addition, the incidence of CVD among the HIV-infected is greater than that in the general population and the presence of HIV infection is an independent risk factor for CVD. Why CVD is so common among HIV-infected subjects has not been clarified so far. The paper discusses the role of conventional risk factors that are also more widely spread in this group of patients than in the general population; that of immune and endothelial dysfunction, proinflammatory status, the direct impact of HIV infection on the cardiovascular system and the role of antiretroviral therapy. Despite a large number of studies, they have failed to establish what role of HIV in the development of CVD. By taking into account the wide spread of HIV infection and the risk factors HIV-infected patients have, this problem deserves special attention and requires further investigations.

Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a common abnormality characterized by diverse cyclically recurrent symptoms that develop during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. The rate of PMS depends on age: PMS is observed in 20% of women at the age of 19-29 years, the syndrome is encountered in nearly every two women after 30 years of age, and its incidence is more than 55% among women over 40 years of age. Recent investigations have established that young girls have a much higher prevalence of PMS (its rate may be as high as 70% or more). The review gives data on the most common manifestations of PMS and basic theories of its occurrence and considers the historical and epidemiological aspects of this pathological condition.

The human intestinal microflora comprises approximately 100 trillion microorganisms belonging to 36 000 species. It plays an important role in the maintenance of local and systemic homeostasis of a host macroorganism, by performing a number of vitally important functions. Impaired function of the intestinal microflora may increase the risk of developing a considerable number of diseases. The review considers the role of the intestinal microflora in the development of colorectal cancer. The analysis of the data available in the literature allows one to denote the basic groups of the mechanisms (metabolic, immune and intrinsic microbial) responsible for carcinogenesis associated with the activity of the representatives of the intestinal microflora, to identify potentially carcinogenic bacteria, and to propose theoretically and practically promising areas of the examined branch of science. The investigation of the impact of prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics on the risk of cancer and that of interactions between major cancer risk factors, intestinal microflora, and the probability of colorectal cancer are particularly urgent. Judging from the recent increasing trend in the number of cancer cases associated with biological carcinogens and due to continuous progress in molecular biology techniques, many associations of the representatives of the human body microflora with the risk of different types of malignancies will be discovered in the future.

Based on the analysis of the data available in the literature and his findings, the author gives an epidemiological assessment of existing judgments of the influence of different factors on the formation of seasonal peaks of morbidity. Emphasis is placed on the correlation between phenomena, such as seasonality and cyclicity, in the epidemic process. The hypothesis that these phenomena are the result of an agreement between microorganisms is substantiated.

The paper describes a rare case of a girl aged 14 years and 9 months with a rapid (24-hour) fatal outcome, difficulties in establishing the diagnosis, and its final conclusion after autopsy and laboratory studies.