卷 9, 编号 3 (2022)

The article is devoted to solving the problem of determining the boundaries of the vehicle on the image. This task is an intermediate step to solve other, more local tasks related to the identification of vehicles in the image or video stream. The article in detail considers existing methods and approaches to solving problems of computer vision, including modern architectures of neural networks. Tiny-YOLO-InceptionResNet was chosen as the primary neural network and was modified during the research process. The architecture of the resulting neural network is given in this paper. The training of the neural network was preceded by the preparation of a data set that allowed for a more rational use of computing resources during training. As a result of the research the model of finding the boundaries of the vehicle on the image was developed. The accuracy of this model is 88%.

Optical conductivity is the most important characteristic of graphs. It is a special case of continuous quantum walks on a graph and depends both on the structure of the graph and on the characteristics of the waveguides that are its edges. We investigated the conductivity of optical networks whose vertices have binary encoding depending on the thickness and length of the waveguides. It is found that the conductivity drops to zero with increasing graph size at different distributions of waveguide characteristics, which contrasts with random walks on a straight line, where such an effect does not occur. This effect has a purely interference nature and manifests itself precisely for graphs whose encoding contains all binary sets. More subtle dependences of conductivity on the characteristics of waveguides are also established. This result can be useful when choosing the structure of optical nanodevices of large sizes, for example, for optical quantum computers.

Spectrometry of nuclear radiation using semiconductor detectors (SPDs) originated in the early 1960s. Of all the tasks of nuclear radiation spectrometry, the most urgent is the creation of specialized instruments for scientific research and experiments. With the improvement of PPD manufacturing technology, new opportunities for improving the operational parameters of PPDs appear, and the range of tasks solved with their help is expanding. The article describes a special manufacturing technology for a silicon detector with a large sensitive area and working volume, as well as radiometers based on them. The developed technology for the manufacture of detectors ensures the minimum thickness of the “input” and “output” windows, which is important for measuring low-energy particles and allows measurements in 2π-geometry. In world practice, such detectors are rarely used. The paper presents the structure and block diagram of the developed radiometric device based on large detectors for rapid measurement of low-intensity radiation of radioactive elements. Detectors are developed taking into account the planned physical experiments and are manufactured for certain types of radiometers to perform a specific task. The developed device is designed to measure the volumetric activity of radon alpha radiation and the activity of beta and gamma radiation of natural isotopes (238U, 234U, 232Th, 226Ra, 222Rn, 218Po, 214Bi, etc.) in various media. The device is mobile, compact and safe, and can be used both in the field and stationary. The article presents the results of a study of the activities of alpha, beta and gamma radiation of soil air from a well 1.5 m deep. on the territory of one of the foothill regions of the republic. Measurements are taken in real time, online and the data is displayed on a computer monitor.

A method has been developed for obtaining ceramic nanocomposites using elements of sol-gel technology to create inclusions of amorphous phases with a composition similar to the target crystalline ceramic matrix synthesized in a solar furnace. It is shown that when the resulting material is activated by pulses generated by functional ceramics, the properties of this material approach those of the prototype. The use of this development can lead to the possibility of producing a film-ceramic composite in industrial volumes and at a low cost.

A study of the aggregative stability of the CeO2-ZrO2 system was carried out in various pH ranges of the medium. To create a mathematical model of the stability of aggregates, the generalized DLVO theory was taken. The parameters of the structural component of the potential energy of particle interaction are determined using the principle of minimum entropy production. The limiting particle sizes of an an aggregatively stable system are determined.