Vol 24, No 4 (2022)
SOCIAL SCIENCES
Some aspects of the motivation of distance learning
Abstract
The presented article discusses the reasons for the low motivational activity of part-time trainees and the factors affecting the level of motivation. One of the ways to increase the level of motivation of part-time students by introducing tasks of professionally oriented content into the educational process is proposed. The authors propose to include professionally oriented tasks in test tasks in higher mathematics for students of distance learning in the specialty "Rolling stock of railways", specialization "Locomotives" of the Samara State Transport University. The article provides an example of professionally oriented tasks in higher mathematics for first-year students of correspondence courses. The proposed method of using tasks of professional content in the process of teaching part-time students has shown its effectiveness. The authors come to the conclusion that the use of professionally oriented mathematical problems in the process of distance learning of students of technical universities increases interest in studying the discipline, develops non-standard thinking, and the desire to work independently. In addition, students accumulate mathematical knowledge that will be useful in their professional activities. The authors reserve the right, in the course of further research, to consider the application of tasks of professionally oriented content to other forms of education.
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Specifics of using psychological methods to increase the efficiency of advertising (development of projects for university students)
Abstract
The investigation of the application of psychological methods to improve the effectiveness of advertising is one of the urgent problems of our time, since any advertiser is concerned about the issue of high returns from placed advertising. With a huge number of methods and techniques for influencing the consumer, the advertiser needs to choose those that will be effective for a specific audience of consumers. A theoretical analysis of the methods of psychological impact of advertising on the consumer has been carried out, and the main techniques that can improve the effectiveness of advertising have also been analyzed. The most effective methods of influence of advertising on a specific group of consumers are identified: youth. The results of the investigation, which involved 94 people in two age groups: 18 - 30 y.o.; older than 30 y.o. The largest group was represented by respondents from 18 to 30 years old. The survey made it possible to identify the most relevant psychological methods for improving the effectiveness of advertising for young people, as well as the most convenient spaces for advertisements targeted at a specific consumer group. The article also presents a variant of the most optimal advertising for a youth audience, developed by third-year students of the thermal power department of the Samara State Technical University. In this shoe advertisement, students used the main effective methods of influencing on young people. The basis for creating of advertisements students put the key method of influencing on young people: imitation. The article concludes that when designing the advertisement, it is necessary to take into account the general principles, methods of creating an advertising product and also the age characteristics of consumers who are targeted by certain advertising.
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The study of the personal characteristics of students of a transport university that determine the effectiveness of adaptation processes in the increasingly complex conditions of professional activity
Abstract
The modern social order does not limit the requirements for the model characteristics of transport industry specialists to the criteria for the completeness of specialized knowledge and skills as part of universal and professional competencies, but also requires a formed focus on continuous replenishment of professional baggage, abilities for self-realization and self-development. The relevance of the article is due to the need to study the personal characteristics of students - future specialists in the transport industry - allowing optimal adaptation to the socio-technological conditions of professional activity. Multivariate analysis shows that the mechanisms of adaptation processes are due to the presence of the following characteristics: sthenicity; leadership; communication; technical and formula-digital thinking; prudence; mental abilities. Purposeful formation of the identified qualities is possible in the educational system of the university based on the integration of creative, sports, volunteer, social types of educational activities and professional and applied physical training within the framework of mastering the disciplines of physical culture and sports. A pilot study of the initial level of formation of personal characteristics that ensure the formation of adaptation mechanisms to the socio-technological conditions for the implementation of professional activities in transport has proved the need for the formation of these qualities in the educational system of the university. The study involved 3-4 year students of the Samara University of Communications (118 people).
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The experience of teaching higher mathematics in distance learning conditions
Abstract
The article is devoted to topical issues of the use of digital technologies in the educational sphere of higher education in the study of higher mathematics. The introduction of federal state educational standards, which orient educational organizations to the transition to more flexible, dynamic and personalized learning, requires the university to form a learning environment that motivates students to independently search for and process information, exchange it, that is, navigate in the information space. The results of the organization of the educational process in the electronic information and educational environment of the university (EIOS) using the platforms LMS Moodle and MS Teams are presented. The advantages and disadvantages of traditional and remote technologies in the modern educational space are analyzed. The experience of using new information technologies and interactive teaching tools on the example of teaching students of the Samara State University of Communications is presented. A survey was conducted among the students of the 2nd year of the Institute of Automation, Information Technology and Construction and the Faculty of Railway Operation in order to identify and analyze the attitude of students of a technical university to the distance learning format. The authors conclude that it is necessary to combine full-time and distance learning for the successful development of an educational strategy.
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Point-rating system for assessing the knowledge of university students in mathematics
Abstract
The article discusses various approaches to the definition of a point-rating system for evaluating educational achievements of students of higher education institutions, specifies the basic principles and main tasks of using BRS. Along with the advantages of such assessment systems, their disadvantages are also shown, the main of which is an increase in the time and complexity of control, leading to a significant increase in the load on the leading BRS teacher. Significant disadvantages are also the fact that many students with the introduction of the BRS assessment aim not so much to gain knowledge and competencies as to accumulate the greatest number of points. In order to mitigate these shortcomings and improve the BRS, it is recommended to leave at least 50% of the total number of points for intermediate certification; keep double records: the total score on the BRS and the score on the intermediate certification in the semester; ensure the possibility of redistributing points from one type of academic work to another. An example of the organization of the BRS assessment of the knowledge of bachelors in the field of "Construction" in mathematics, the use of which provides a weakening of these shortcomings, is given. The proposed model of the system of assessment of knowledge in mathematics can be recommended for use by teachers of higher educational institutions.
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Professional motivation of students
Abstract
The article discusses the main parameters that link professional motivation with the values and life priorities of students. The level of professional motivation certainly affects the future work of graduates. Disclosure of internal motivators, the ability to listen, to live more concentratedly, meaningfully, analyze needs helps to see one's abilities, goal-setting and determining life orientations, setting priorities. Regular practice of identifying patterns of behavior reduces the level of emotional exhaustion and helps maintain cognitive functions. The importance of studying the problems of professional motivation, its role in working life, the formation of value motives in conditions of uncertainty help manage internal resources, stimulate social activity. An analysis of the parameters of professional motivation of students of humanitarian and technical universities showed their relationship with the socio-psychological climate, internal motivations, which allows us to conclude that the understanding of this problem is expanding and the need to form more productive cooperation between teachers and students. The material can be used in the process of studying at a university, psychodiagnostic tools during consultations and trainings.
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HUMANITIES SCIENCES
I.S. Turgenev’s strange Asya: apophaticism of Russian Eros. Culturological analysis of the story
Abstract
The object of the article is apophaticism of Russian verbal culture. The apophaticism of love, of Russian Eros serves as the subject. This article is based on Turgenev’s well-known short novel “Asya”. The hermeneutic reconstruction core is represented by the symbolic space of the 19th century novel. Much attention is paid to the problem of love metaphysics, its apophatic aspect in the Russian cosmo-psycho-logos, which is essential for understanding the philosophical nature of the writer’s creative work. The research methodology is mainly represented by the holistic ontohermeneutic analysis aimed at highlighting the cultural potential of the literary work in question, which makes it possible to approach the specificity of the writer’s creative process ontologically and delve into the wordsmith’s treatment of genesis. Much attention is paid to the comparison of Pushkin’s Tatiana from the novel “Eugene Onegin” and Turgenev’s story protagonist. The notions of “imagination”, “apophaticism”, “cosmo-psycho-logos” are introduced for profound culturological analysis of the work. The research results are represented by identification of cultural and philosophical potential of the novel “Asya” for further study of the problems of Russian artistic culture apophaticism, metaphysics of Russian Eros, national style of life. The results may be of interest for literary historians incorporating literature in the extensive dialogue of cultural space, and may be also used in teaching courses on cultural studies and philosophy.
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Sacral rhizome of poetry in the essays by K.D. Balmont and S.A. Yesenin: culturological commentation
Abstract
The object of the article is the poetry rhizome phenomenon which has the qualities of apophaticism. The subject of the research is apophaticism of poetry. The material for the article is represented by well-known essays on art by two representatives of the Silver Age, K.D. Balmont and S.A. Yesenin. The cultural and philosophical analysis focuses on the interrelation of the Logos and silence, the phenomenal and the noumenal, the rational and pre-rational in the poets’ essays “Poetry as Magic” and “Mary’s Keys”. Much attention is paid to the problem of metaphysics in creativity, its apophatic aspect in the Russian cosmo-psycho-logos, which is crucially important for understanding the ontological issues connected with the writers' creativity. The research methodology involves the holistic onto-hermeneutic analysis aimed at highlighting the cultural potential of the given works of art, which makes it possible to describe the importance of the poetic word for a Russian in culturological terms, to delve into the specifics of the national way of life. Much attention is paid to the comparison of the two essays on art in the folkloristic and mythological aspect, as created by the Symbolist poet and the Imaginist poet at the same time. The research results may be of interest for literary historians who treat literature in the aspect of its inclusion in the space of a broader dialogue of cultures. Additionally, they may be used in teaching cultural studies and Russian philosophy.
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«New Pearl Harbor»: assessments of the cyberthream in the US press
Abstract
The metaphor "New Pearl Harbor" and its variant "Russian Pearl Harbor" is an important element of US foreign policy discourse and contemporary research. Its uniqueness lies in the fact that it is used both for "internal consumption" (political discourse) and for external. And in the XXI century. this metaphor very often arises in the coverage and analysis of contemporary Russian-American relations. The study of this metaphor in the United States is carried out in several directions. The authors come to the conclusion that in 2001 the “New Pearl Harbor” metaphor was transformed from the American media into the US foreign policy discourse. This attention to cyber threats was quickly reflected in official US strategic documents. Thus, the US National Security Strategy states: “Today, cyberspace enables state and non-state actors to campaign and attack against American politics, economics and security.” When analyzing and commenting on this provision of the US National Security Strategy, the American media unequivocally interpreted this threat as Cyber Pearl Harbor. Therefore, studying the specifics of understanding and using the concept of "Cyber Pearl Harbor" is an important and relevant research task, due to the provisions of the US National Security Strategy, which helps to highlight in more detail the specifics of constructing the image of foreign policy threats.
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Harbingers of new life
Abstract
The article shows the formation of a new society on the example of the Russian history of modern times. V. Katasonov, A. Pyzhikov, Russian thinkers, economists, historians, and philosophers wrote a lot about this. And this was not perceived as a mythological construction, because. this society rested on the principles of economic and social justice. The author comes to the conclusion that the formation of the Russian state, the formation of the Russian society took place on the basis of a broad religious and social movement, an integral part of which was the Orthodox Church. However, Church Orthodoxy, as the axis around which Russian statehood and the life of the people were built, turned out to be broken. The liturgical reform of the second half of the 17th century caused upheavals unprecedented in their consequences. The transition to Greek religious patterns caused rejection among a significant part of the population. The main reason for rejection was that these innovations were regarded as an infringement of antiquity, falling under an alien religious unification. In addition, the Ecumenical Church of Constantinople at the turn of the XVI-XVII centuries. was in a deep crisis, as a result of which its authority in Russia was low. In the popular strata of the center of Russia, the North, the Volga region, the Urals and Siberia, large branches of priestlessness were firmly rooted, which accepted popular socialism and were ready to develop it. So, in Soviet times, artels were a variant of the zemstvo structure of the economy. The aristocracy and partocracy knew little about the peculiarities of the people's ideal and indiscriminately denied them, were not ready to make any concessions whatsoever. Those attempts to create a new society in the XIX - early XX century. accumulated contain a lot of experience currently used by specialists.
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Expressionism and the science fiction genre: the specifics of interaction (on the example of the work of R. Heinlein)
Abstract
In this article, the author aims to prove that the traditions of expressionism are also found among science fiction writers. The work of the American writer of the twentieth century Robert Heinlein was practically never mentioned by anyone in the expressionist paradigm, however, when studying his biography and literary heritage, we find a lot of details that go back to expressionism - this is magical realism, closely related to this direction, to the artistic method of which R. Heinlein resorted to, according to the researchers of his work; passion for solipsism, the doctrine of which can be regarded to a large extent as a manifesto of expressionism, and the very attempts to go beyond the genre of fantasy, with which the name of this writer is firmly linked. In each work of R. Heinlein, the notes of expressionism are present in different ways: either in the subject (pressure of the state machine or society on the individual), the spirit of freedom and the spirit of protest, attention to the problem of death, mysticism, the problem of limited human perception and the illusory nature of the visible world. All of the above once again indicates that, assimilated throughout the subsequent 1920s. culture, expressionist experience is able to manifest itself, no matter how bold it sounds, in the work of almost any writer - to one degree or another, at one stage or another of his path. In addition, in an artist whose works contain elements of expressionism, one can detect the movement of creative searches from realism to expressionism, but neither the way back, nor the reciprocity of these ways of worldview and world-modeling can be found.
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To the question of the aestheticization of modern culture
Abstract
In the process of retrospective analysis of cultural epochs, one can observe the movement of the pendulum of culture from aestheticism to moralizing, and vice versa. One of the first critics of aestheticization was S. Kierkegaard, who, without denying the significance of the aesthetic, placed the latter below the ethical in the spiritual hierarchy. Domestic philosophers defended the need for a synthesis of ethics and aesthetics. Researchers of the twentieth century point to the trend of total aestheticization, the transformation and deformation of basic moral ideals. In modern times, the phenomenon of aestheticization of all social spheres, including politics and economics, is being updated, which is largely due to the formation of a «consumer society», visual and digital turns in culture. The article analyzes the main features of postmodernism that contribute to aestheticization: fragmentation, massification, clip consciousness, visual turn, loss of sacredness of traditional meanings and symbols. All of the above contributes to the strengthening of the aesthetic component and the violation of the ethical and aesthetic balance. The authors reveal that the absolutization of beauty in art leads to the degradation of tragic genres based on ethical conflicts. Art is able to educate, form a value hierarchy. Thus, art has possibilities that transform a person, which are contained in the synthetic integrity of the ethical and aesthetic, therefore, it already acquires cosmological parameters. In turn, aestheticization as the dominant of culture leads to moral limitations and the destruction of the spiritual integrity of man and society.
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PHILOLOGICAL SCIENCES
What happened to Onegin? Poetics of ending in pushkin’s novel in verse
Abstract
Object of the article: the final scene of the novel in verse "Eugene Onegin" by A.S. Pushkin (ЕО, 8, XLVIII, 1-10). Subject of the article: the device of narrative interruption and poetics of the novel’s ending. Purpose of the research: analysis of the structure and meaning of the final scene. Results: the author argues that the interrupted narration in fact fully completes Onegin's storyline. The final scene contains: 1) the inversion of the binary oppositions "movement-immobility" / "living-dead", that is characteristic of the "sculptural myth"; 2) a foreshadowing of a possible duel between Onegin and Tatyana's husband. Field of application: literary criticism, teaching Russian literature of the 19th century. Conclusions: the probability of a duel between the general and Onegin is based on the symmetry and parallelism of the novel’s compositional design and a foreshadowing of the protagonist's death in a head-to-head combat. This duel is not implemented in the plot, but is virtually present in the semantic space of the novel. That virtual duel between two friends (8, XVIII) - Onegin and the general - is in inversely symmetric relation to the real duel between two friends — Onegin and Lensky.
In the context of the revenge scheme, in which revenge for the murder is carried out by the double of the victim, Tatiana's husband plays a role of Lensky's "double" (in the function of "friend") who avenges his death.
The author is indebted to Svetlana M. Gracheva and Oleg B. Zaslavsky for stimulating discussion and helpful advice.
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REVIEWS
The myth of Oedipus as a palette of semantics in the works of Vladimir Pimonov
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Representation of food in media discourses: cognitive and pragmatic aspects (review of the monograph: Shevchenko, V. Representation of food in media discourses: cognitive and pragmatic aspects: monograph / V. Shevchenko, S. Tomascikova. – Samara: Samara university publishing house, 2021. – 216 p. ISBN 978-5-7883-1588-1).
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