Vol 24, No 4 (2022)

The presented article discusses the reasons for the low motivational activity of part-time trainees and the factors affecting the level of motivation. One of the ways to increase the level of motivation of part-time students by introducing tasks of professionally oriented content into the educational process is proposed. The authors propose to include professionally oriented tasks in test tasks in higher mathematics for students of distance learning in the specialty "Rolling stock of railways", specialization "Locomotives" of the Samara State Transport University. The article provides an example of professionally oriented tasks in higher mathematics for first-year students of correspondence courses. The proposed method of using tasks of professional content in the process of teaching part-time students has shown its effectiveness. The authors come to the conclusion that the use of professionally oriented mathematical problems in the process of distance learning of students of technical universities increases interest in studying the discipline, develops non-standard thinking, and the desire to work independently. In addition, students accumulate mathematical knowledge that will be useful in their professional activities. The authors reserve the right, in the course of further research, to consider the application of tasks of professionally oriented content to other forms of education.

The modern social order does not limit the requirements for the model characteristics of transport industry specialists to the criteria for the completeness of specialized knowledge and skills as part of universal and professional competencies, but also requires a formed focus on continuous replenishment of professional baggage, abilities for self-realization and self-development. The relevance of the article is due to the need to study the personal characteristics of students - future specialists in the transport industry - allowing optimal adaptation to the socio-technological conditions of professional activity. Multivariate analysis shows that the mechanisms of adaptation processes are due to the presence of the following characteristics: sthenicity; leadership; communication; technical and formula-digital thinking; prudence; mental abilities. Purposeful formation of the identified qualities is possible in the educational system of the university based on the integration of creative, sports, volunteer, social types of educational activities and professional and applied physical training within the framework of mastering the disciplines of physical culture and sports. A pilot study of the initial level of formation of personal characteristics that ensure the formation of adaptation mechanisms to the socio-technological conditions for the implementation of professional activities in transport has proved the need for the formation of these qualities in the educational system of the university. The study involved 3-4 year students of the Samara University of Communications (118 people).

The article discusses various approaches to the definition of a point-rating system for evaluating educational achievements of students of higher education institutions, specifies the basic principles and main tasks of using BRS. Along with the advantages of such assessment systems, their disadvantages are also shown, the main of which is an increase in the time and complexity of control, leading to a significant increase in the load on the leading BRS teacher. Significant disadvantages are also the fact that many students with the introduction of the BRS assessment aim not so much to gain knowledge and competencies as to accumulate the greatest number of points. In order to mitigate these shortcomings and improve the BRS, it is recommended to leave at least 50% of the total number of points for intermediate certification; keep double records: the total score on the BRS and the score on the intermediate certification in the semester; ensure the possibility of redistributing points from one type of academic work to another. An example of the organization of the BRS assessment of the knowledge of bachelors in the field of "Construction" in mathematics, the use of which provides a weakening of these shortcomings, is given. The proposed model of the system of assessment of knowledge in mathematics can be recommended for use by teachers of higher educational institutions.

The object of the article is apophaticism of Russian verbal culture. The apophaticism of love, of Russian Eros serves as the subject. This article is based on Turgenev’s well-known short novel “Asya”. The hermeneutic reconstruction core is represented by the symbolic space of the 19^th century novel. Much attention is paid to the problem of love metaphysics, its apophatic aspect in the Russian cosmo-psycho-logos, which is essential for understanding the philosophical nature of the writer’s creative work. The research methodology is mainly represented by the holistic ontohermeneutic analysis aimed at highlighting the cultural potential of the literary work in question, which makes it possible to approach the specificity of the writer’s creative process ontologically and delve into the wordsmith’s treatment of genesis. Much attention is paid to the comparison of Pushkin’s Tatiana from the novel “Eugene Onegin” and Turgenev’s story protagonist. The notions of “imagination”, “apophaticism”, “cosmo-psycho-logos” are introduced for profound culturological analysis of the work. The research results are represented by identification of cultural and philosophical potential of the novel “Asya” for further study of the problems of Russian artistic culture apophaticism, metaphysics of Russian Eros, national style of life. The results may be of interest for literary historians incorporating literature in the extensive dialogue of cultural space, and may be also used in teaching courses on cultural studies and philosophy.

The metaphor "New Pearl Harbor" and its variant "Russian Pearl Harbor" is an important element of US foreign policy discourse and contemporary research. Its uniqueness lies in the fact that it is used both for "internal consumption" (political discourse) and for external. And in the XXI century. this metaphor very often arises in the coverage and analysis of contemporary Russian-American relations. The study of this metaphor in the United States is carried out in several directions. The authors come to the conclusion that in 2001 the “New Pearl Harbor” metaphor was transformed from the American media into the US foreign policy discourse. This attention to cyber threats was quickly reflected in official US strategic documents. Thus, the US National Security Strategy states: “Today, cyberspace enables state and non-state actors to campaign and attack against American politics, economics and security.” When analyzing and commenting on this provision of the US National Security Strategy, the American media unequivocally interpreted this threat as Cyber Pearl Harbor. Therefore, studying the specifics of understanding and using the concept of "Cyber Pearl Harbor" is an important and relevant research task, due to the provisions of the US National Security Strategy, which helps to highlight in more detail the specifics of constructing the image of foreign policy threats.

In this article, the author aims to prove that the traditions of expressionism are also found among science fiction writers. The work of the American writer of the twentieth century Robert Heinlein was practically never mentioned by anyone in the expressionist paradigm, however, when studying his biography and literary heritage, we find a lot of details that go back to expressionism - this is magical realism, closely related to this direction, to the artistic method of which R. Heinlein resorted to, according to the researchers of his work; passion for solipsism, the doctrine of which can be regarded to a large extent as a manifesto of expressionism, and the very attempts to go beyond the genre of fantasy, with which the name of this writer is firmly linked. In each work of R. Heinlein, the notes of expressionism are present in different ways: either in the subject (pressure of the state machine or society on the individual), the spirit of freedom and the spirit of protest, attention to the problem of death, mysticism, the problem of limited human perception and the illusory nature of the visible world. All of the above once again indicates that, assimilated throughout the subsequent 1920s. culture, expressionist experience is able to manifest itself, no matter how bold it sounds, in the work of almost any writer - to one degree or another, at one stage or another of his path. In addition, in an artist whose works contain elements of expressionism, one can detect the movement of creative searches from realism to expressionism, but neither the way back, nor the reciprocity of these ways of worldview and world-modeling can be found.

Object of the article: the final scene of the novel in verse "Eugene Onegin" by A.S. Pushkin (ЕО, 8, XLVIII, 1-10). Subject of the article: the device of narrative interruption and poetics of the novel’s ending. Purpose of the research: analysis of the structure and meaning of the final scene. Results: the author argues that the interrupted narration in fact fully completes Onegin's storyline. The final scene contains: 1) the inversion of the binary oppositions "movement-immobility" / "living-dead", that is characteristic of the "sculptural myth"; 2) a foreshadowing of a possible duel between Onegin and Tatyana's husband. Field of application: literary criticism, teaching Russian literature of the 19th century. Conclusions: the probability of a duel between the general and Onegin is based on the symmetry and parallelism of the novel’s compositional design and a foreshadowing of the protagonist's death in a head-to-head combat. This duel is not implemented in the plot, but is virtually present in the semantic space of the novel. That virtual duel between two friends (8, XVIII) - Onegin and the general - is in inversely symmetric relation to the real duel between two friends — Onegin and Lensky.

In the context of the revenge scheme, in which revenge for the murder is carried out by the double of the victim, Tatiana's husband plays a role of Lensky's "double" (in the function of "friend") who avenges his death.

The author is indebted to Svetlana M. Gracheva and Oleg B. Zaslavsky for stimulating discussion and helpful advice.