Vol 10, No 2 (2020)

The article presents experimentally obtained information about the features of the work of compressed deformed rods, reinforced in two ways by increasing the cross section using welding. In the test, a P-200 press was used, on the plates of which centered ball bearings were att ached. Nine rods of T-section 100 cm long from paired corners L40x4 were tested. Three rods were straight: tested without amplifi cation. Six rods had a common curvature in the plane of the gaskets and were reinforced: three rods with pair of short corners L40x4 (length 60 cm); three rods - paired long corners L40x4 (length 100 cm). Loading was carried out in steps of 200 kg until the loss of non-existent ability. As a result, information was obtained on the signifi cant eff ectiveness of the amplifi cation method with long gain angles.

The implementation of the energy saving program in construction, adopted in the Russian Federation, has led to a signifi cant change in the design decisions of building envelopes. To achieve the normative values of heat transfer resistance, various facade systems are currently widely used for insulation of external walls using polymeric materials as heaters, which have low values of the coeffi cient of thermal conductivity with a relatively high value of the coeffi cient of vapor permeability. Therefore, when choosing a textured layer of facade systems, it is necessary to take into account the value of its resistance to diff usion of water vapor in order to avoid the accumulation of moisture in the outer walls. The problem associated with the possible accumulation of moisture is especially relevant when designing both three-layer exterior walls and walls with internal insulation. To eliminate the formation of molds on the inner surfaces of the enclosing structures, leading to dangerous diseases of skin and respiratory tract organs, as well as the destruction of building structures, it is necessary to accurately calculate the humidity mode of the enclosing structures in order to protect them from overmoistening. The article presents a methodology for determining the position of the plane of possible condensation in multilayer enclosing structures, based on the use of the dimensionless characteristics method.

The article presents the results of experiments on the removal of heavy metal ions from urban wastewater with a new sorbent -based on clay. The work was carried out in an experimental reactor (SBR) in three modes: bio-sorption treatment; sorption purifi cation; and evaluating the eff ect of the coagulant on the eff ectiveness of sorption purifi cation. The dose of sorbent used in the aeration tank to achieve standards for heavy metal ions was 10 g / l. When using the proposed sorbent in sorption purifi cation the dose of the sorbent was decreased to 1 g / l. The introduction of a coagulant with a dose of 6-8 mg / l for iron (III) had a positive eff ect on the concentration of zinc, copper, lead, aluminum and phosphates, but increased the concentration of iron in purifi ed water. The new sorbent is recommended for deep treatment of industrial wastewater with higher initial concentrations.

The paper is devoted to the study of the features of mathematical modeling of water supply and sanitation systems. These systems are complex systems consisting of branched pipeline networks, structures, installations and equipment. In this case, the work of all elements must be linked to each other. This task is very diffi cult due to the presence of a large number of parameters and technological processes occurring in water supply and sanitation systems. Therefore, in practice, diff erent types of modeling, including mathematical, are used to solve these problems.

The article is devoted to the justifi cation of the use of light concrete for the production of enclosing structures that create a comfortable microclimate in the premises. Ways to expand the scope of light concrete application by introducing a material of a fused structure without a fi ne aggregate are proposed. The article substantiates the scientifi c hypothesis that the use of various types of air-entrapping surfactants will create a promising material, the numerous advantages of which allow us to consider it a worthy alternative to multilayer structures.

The result of the action of the urban heat island on the layout of the city of Hanoi is considered. It is stated that the formation and development of sustainable urban development creates optimal conditions for the life and work of citizens, is a guarantee of safety and comfortable living, and guards the natural environment. In a scientifi c study, such a remote sensing method was used as a means of analyzing the surface temperature in a city with environmental problems due to the eff ect of the “urban heat island” (UHI. The analysis was performed using satellite images Landsat-5, Landsat-7, Landsat-8. This study confi rmed the existence of the urban heat island eff ect in the center of Hanoi and examined the role of city confi guration on a macro scale. The effi ciency of using green spaces on the roofs of megacities is estimated. It is emphasized that thanks to the transpiration process, green spaces contribute to reducing the negative eff ects of UHI and gas contamination. It is established that the use in the city’s architecture of light surfaces of buildings and planes (roads, sidewalks, platforms) favorably aff ects the mesoclimate, performing the cooling function. At the macro level, the orderly introduction of green spaces in large cities helps to resolve serious environmental problems such as global warming and the greenhouse eff ect.

The paper presents a review of architectural and design techniques which were characteristic for residential development in the second half of the XVIII century in St. Petersburg. During that period, there was formed the urban planning, volumetric spatial and constructional structure of residential buildings, which later, in the XIX - early XX century, became a typical solution for residential development in St. Petersburg. The fi rewalled residential house was usually built along the perimeter of the possessory plot of land with an inner courtyard formed inside. The residential house consisted of a two-span front building and one-span side buildings located along the perimeter of the site. The constructional system of a residential building in the second half of the XVIII century was a vaulted-beam scheme along the longitudinal walls. The main construction structures are described, such as brick walls with subsequent fi nishing, strip stone footings based on wooden joists, roofs built on wooden batt er rafters in a cold att ic with no heating.

The article is devoted to identifying the principles of the formation of a socially-comfortable urban environment in the historical part of cities. It covers various aspects that infl uence the modeling of the public environment, from urban to social. The collected material, using the studied cities with public spaces in historical buildings as an example, will reveal the factors infl uencing the transformation of spaces; develop a methodological base for design in the structure of historical buildings, determine the place of function in such design. This methodological material will become the basis for the design of public spaces in the historical part of the city of Samara.

The study reveals the following aspects that determine the typological diversity of stylobates in high-rise buildings: functional structure; connection to pedestrian and traffi c fl ows; landscaping; variation of scenarios of social interaction; adaptability; the degree of accessibility of various public services; security; the impact of climatic conditions on the planning structure; innovative architectural, constructive and technological solutions. A scientifi cally based typology of stylobates of highrise buildings is proposed. The basic principles of transit- oriented development of the urban environment are considered. The article focuses on the transit-oriented development of the stylobate part of high-rise buildings and complexes. The main space-planning elements necessary for organizing pedestrian traffi c are identifi ed.

The article shows the results of theoretical research in the fi eld of spatial development of the territory and the sett lement. Infrastructure provision of the forming Greater Samara megapolis is considered in the dialectical confrontation of internal and external infl uence factors in relation to the global transport map. The practical proposals for the territorial sett lement formation system of Samara province based on the development of towns interaction in the structure of the marginal zone of Samara agglomeration with peripheral local systems of rural sett lement are made. The author makes models of multi-modal transport and logistics hubs (Multihubs) in promising “growth poles”, which are going to be at the points of contact of the peripheral marginal zone of the Samara agglomeration with local rural settlement systems.

The article is devoted to the choice of the strategy of spatial development of the city of Penza. Domestic experience of spatial development strategy application for the largest cities is considered, territorial and recreational resources, transport infrastructure of the city are analyzed. The strategy of spatial development of the city of Penza, based on the principles of compactness and polycentricity in respect of territorial development, multimodality in the fi eld of transport infrastructure and the principle of continuity in the development of natural and recreational framework.

The article analyzes the current state of the tourist infrastructure of one of the main tourist centers of the North Caucasus, the all-season tourist and recreational complex “ARKHYZ”. The main factors contributing to the increase in tourist fl ow are formulated. From the point of view of the functional development of the territory of the complex, design solutions are proposed for the additional inclusion of new tourist infrastructure facilities. Examples of unique architectural and planning solutions for tourist sites based on modern international design experience are given. This study was among the winners of the fi rst wave of the project “Professional training 2.0”.

The article discusses the problem of increasing the effi - ciency of installations for heating viscous liquids during their transportation through pipeline systems. The posed problem is solved by intensifying the heat transfer process between heat sources and a heated liquid. Intensify the heat transfer process in heating systems by using a modular heating system. Each module consists of an induction heating section and an induction mixer. The mixer is installed at the outlet of the heating section. The process of mixing the liquid is carried out by an induction mixer of a special design. A method for calculating the temperature of the oil fl ow in the pipeline behind the induction heater and after the mixer is proposed. The methodology was developed on the basis of a balance of heat fl ows. The temperature distribution for a multi-section heater consisting of several induction modules is calculated. It is shown that the use of a modular system can signifi cantly reduce the overall dimensions of the induction heater and reduce energy costs for transporting liquid.