Vol 1, No 2 (2001)

The authors аге analyzing the scientific progress of the Ecological Physiology Department of the lnstitute for Experimental Medicine RAMS for 50 уеагs of its existence - from researches of high neNous activity of animals in ecological adequate external conditions till elaboration of specific tasks being determined Ьy human ecology. А perspective tendency is the application of information technologies in researches in the domain of human ecology and ecotoxicology. 

A protective effects of ischemic preconditioning (IPC) on subsequent prolonged myocardial ischemic/reperfusion damage were investigated using both in vivo rat model and isolated heart preparation. Myocardial infarct size, severity and duration of ischemia- and reperfusion-induced arrythmias, and a rate of intraischemic and postischemic contractile recovery were used as an end points of myocardial protection. Accordingly, two major aspects of cardioprotection afforded by IPC could be specified as antiarrythmic and infarct-limiting, i.e., antiischemic. A threshold of antiarrythmic effect of IPC appears to be lower than that of infarct-limiting potency. We failed to see any protection against reperfusion-induced arrythmias when coronary flow was reduced more then two-fold from its initial value. In contrast, IPC confers more early and complete intraischemic contractile recovery in the presence of severe reduction in coronary flow.

A minor electronegative low density lipoprotein subfraction (LDL⁻) was isolated from human plasma using preparative ultracentrifugation followed by anion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-Sepharose. LDL⁻ accounted for 5–15% of the total LDL pool and was characterized by an elevated content of sialic acids, which likely contributed to its increased negative charge. No differences were observed in lipid or apoprotein composition between LDL⁻ and the major LDL subfraction (LDL*), as determined by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Thus, the higher sialic acid content in LDL⁻ cannot be attributed to differences in protein composition. LDL⁻ contained fewer primary lipid peroxidation products (conjugated dienes) compared to LDL* but showed no difference in susceptibility to copper-initiated oxidation in vitro. Both LDL⁻ and LDL* exhibited minimal interaction with scavenger receptors of mouse peritoneal macrophages in vitro. However, the uptake of LDL⁻ by human lung fibroblasts, primarily mediated by specific LDL receptors, was approximately 30% lower than that of LDL*. Thus, a minor LDL subfraction with elevated sialic acid content and reduced affinity for specific LDL receptors is present in human plasma, characterized by a high negative charge.

Conducted evaluation of efficiency of methods of local radiation therapy to which pertain radioactive syn-ovectomy (RS), X-raytherapy (XRT) and method offered by authors - local gammatherapy (LGT). Studied the record a clinic-laboratory factors including immunological under the influence of treatment.

Explored 175 patients suffering rheumatoid arthritis and got local radiation therapy on the knee joints. In the dependence from the type of treatment formed three groups of sick, which were similar on an age, sex and main features of disease. In all groups dominated the women senior 45 years, with duration RA more than 5 years and
Il stage on X-ray of disease and moderate degree of general activity. Results: RS exceed other type of local radi-ation therapy on efficiency, particularly in removed a period of observation. Given method renders anti-inflamma-tory and immunosuppressional action, as evidenced by the track record of clinical, as laboratory data. Use new
method of local radiation action - LGT - allows to obtain positive results more then beside half sick with RA, here-with analgetic effect of given type therapy is observed during the path of treatment (62,3%) and exceeded RS LGT beside anti-inflammatory possesses immunosuppressional action herewith noted relaible record of laborato-
ry and immunological data. XRT vastly yields on efficiency to rest methods that connected with the low total dose of irradiation. XRT renders nonspecifical anti-inflammatory action, not infusing on immune inflammation. This is caused smaller and transitory effect of XRT.

Local radiation therapy allows to raise efficiency of drug treatment of RA. Herewith RS and LGT possess immunosuppressional action that ensures their high efficiency, then XRT is characterized by only short-lived anti-inflammatory effect.

The signs of insulin resistance syndrome and its association with some features of the disease and DNA damage in somatic and tumor tissue were evaluated in 99 endometrial cancer patients. The frequency of insulin resistance syndrome counted on the basis of fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations is equal to 0,35 (95% confidence limits of 0,24 - 0,46) in endometrial cancer patients who do not have a history of diabetes mellitus Patients with well or moderately differentiated endometrial adenocarcinomas have statistically significantly higher basal and stimulated plasma insulin and C-peptide concentrations than did patients with poorly differentiated endometrial adenocarcinomas or rarely encountered tumors of endometrium. At the same time the level of fasting insulinemia positively correlates with disease stage, local and regional tumor spreading in the group of patients with wel or moderately differentiated endometrial adenocarcinomas. On the other side, hyperinsulinemia and other hormonal-metabolic disturbances typical for insulin resistance syndrome do not increase the probability of DNA damage of somatic cells (according to the data of micronucleus test). No association between hormonal-metabolic disturbances and the degree of DNA unwinding in tumor and visually unchanged endometrium has been found too; that is insulin resistance/ hyperinsulinemia (as distinct to hyperestrogenemia) does not result in increasing genotoxical damages in tumor and normal tissue of endometrium. The data obtained confirm once more the necessity of treatment strategies directly aimed at correcting hormonal-metabolic disturbances in endometrial cancer patients.

The results of introduction of Infection Control in several S-Pb hospitals are discussing now. The importance of Infection Control as methodical base for prophylaxes of the hospital infections is substantiated. The high efficiency of active epidemiological surveillance for revealing of the hospital infections was shown. The high efficiency of designed learning system of staff to rules of hand hygiene is proved. The results of antibiotic prophylaxes in several surgical units are represented and analyzed. The efficiency of perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis is shown. The effectiveness of use of the adapted bacteriophages for prophylaxis and treatment of the hospital infections are proved. The method of estimation of economic damage from the hospital infections is submitted.

A short assay of medical education development in Russia is presented in the article. It depends on economics of the country and financial system of education as well as on business activity of an institute. The peculiarities of the institute activities and tendencies of their development at the present time are described.

From the position of trophology the author considers internal diseases as a result of disorder in the relationship between macroorganism and symbiotic flora. He proposes the notion "therapeutic infections" and suggests the new conception of internal diseases etiology connected with activation of symbiotic, sub- and anaerobic microflora of low virulence and pathological activity with requiring the participation of risk factors to form the ilness.