Vol 2, No 4 (2002)

The article includes the review of published data on main directions in using autotransplantation in exper­imental and clinical medicine. This method is especially widespread in current transfusion practice as a mul­ticomponent autohemotransfusion therapy. Devices for fractioning as well as new technologies of blood con­servation, including at extra low temperatures, make it possible to decrease the use of donated blood and its components in the scheduled surgery.

Rapid development of cell culture technology offers considerable scope for autotransplantation in cardio­vascular surgery, endocrinology, hematology, burn treatment, reconstructive surgery and neurosurgery. Some versions of using autologous organs and tissues in clinical practice are presented. Based in literature data and their own investigations the authors suggest the classification of autotransplantation.

The role of peptidoleukotrienes and their receptors in the inflammatory pain and rheumatoid arthritis oedema is steel unclear and has to be investigated. Also it has been revealed in the limited reports that pep­tidoleukotrienes may participate in the pathogenesis of aspirin-induced gastrotoxicity. In our experiments on rats using the method of adjuvant-induced arthritis it has been shown that peptidoleukotriene receptor block­ers montelukast sodium and zafirlukast produced antiinflammatory action (reduction of oedema) and antinociceptive effect (elevation of pain thresholds in the hot plate method). Used drugs had no effects in the tail-flick method. In experiments with montelukast it also has been shown that the drug reduced the ulcera­tive action of aspirin in stomach. The role of peptidoleukotrienes and their receptors in the regulation of inflam­matory pain thresholds and aspirin-induced gastrotoxicity is discussed.

Antimicrobial peptides (defensins, protegrins, cecropins, cathelicidins etc) are endogenous animal antibi­otic molecules which kill grampositive and gramnegative bacteria, fungi, protozoa and enveloped viruses. They are cationic and amphipathic peptides consisted of 12-50 amino acid residues. Antimicrobial peptides inactivate microorganisms by perforation and disruption of target cell membranes. They have also been impli­cated in immunity as modulators of endocytosis, chemotaxis and degranulation of mast cells upon phagocy­tosis and inflammation, and mediators of neutroendocrineimmune interaction.

The indolent lymphomas is the important problem of the hematology. The clinical characteristic, overall survival, extranodal involvement were analyzed in the patients with indolent lymphomas. The main prognos­tic factors, which influence on outcome and overall survival were selected. The determinative rules for prog­nosing lymphoid infiltration of internal organs were composed in the patients with indolent lymphomas.

We have analysed the polymorphic alleles of 19 genes in 436 patients under an outpatient preventive therapeutic screening. Eleven of the investigated genes (АРОСЗ, LPA, APOE, PON1, ACE, AGT, F5, F7, F2, PAH, and MTHFR) were associated with cardiovascular pathology, six (GSTM1, LMYC1, P53, CYP17, CYP19, and AR) - with cancer and one (DRD) - with pathologic inclinations. The average incidences of the genotypes and alleles were comparable with the typical values of other European populations. Significant correlation has been registered between the distributions of the analysed alleles for the certain gene pairs.

There was two-fold decrease in the incidence of the combination of l/l mutated genotype of the ACE gene, that is associated with an increased insulin-resistance risk, with an mutated allele of the MTHFR gene, that is associated with higher blood plasma homocysteine concentration. There were no genotypic classes, in which 4G homozygous mutation in the PAH gene, that is associated with disturbed fibrinolysis, was combined with mutations in the the F5 and F2 genes, that are associated with blood coagulation system activation. At the same time, significantly increased incidences were revealed for the genotypes, in which homozygous deletion in the GSTM1 gene, that absolutely eliminates glutathione-S-transferase p-1 activity (one of the detoxication system enzymes), was combined with a pathologic mutation in the MTHFR gene, or with 4G/4G homozygous mutations of the PAH gene. Various age groups were significantly different in the distribution of certain genetic markers. The incidences of polymorphic alleles of the APOC3, APOE, MTHFR, and DRD genes were decreased with age, while the incidences of F2, F5, and РАН alleles were surprisingly increased. Consequently, the interpretation of genetic risk factors must include the analysis of population characteristics, genetic interactions, and age-related changes in the distribution of polymorphic alleles.

Mullit has a low Н_ЭО,/О_Э coefficient. The reaction of the «peroxides» type determs cytotoxic and biologi­cal effects of the mullit dust which influences on the development of phagocytes and their fatal. Genotoxycity of the mullit dust is lower then asbest dust and equal silica dioxide. The degree of the 2-desoxy-D-ribose dam­age determs the potential genetic effects.

In clause the experimental substantiation of a pushed hypothesis of heterogeneity of a physiotherapy - heterogeneity of frames of «targets» (acceptors), molecular, cellular and systemic mechanisms of medical action of the other modality physical factors is submitted. On the establishment of results of own researches and given literature the various nature cellular, segmental and systemic mechanisms of formation of medical effects of the physical factors is proved, the criteria of their specific and nonspecific action are scientifically proved. On the establishment of a hypothesis of heterogeneity the syndrome-pathogenetic approach to a choice and purpose (assignment) of physical methods of treatment of the patients with various diseases is offered.