Vol 2, No 4 (2020)

Any major epidemic outbreak causes negative consequences both for individuals and for society as a whole, covering almost all aspects of life at the macro and individual levels.
We, the members of the editorial Board and editorial staff, want to Express our serious concern about the development of the situation related to the outbreak of the SARS-CoV-2 virus this year.

The article presents a study on the structural assessment of the range of drugs for the treatment of hepatitis C. Methods of content analysis, data aggregation, grouping, comparative and marketing analysis have been used. The information base of the study was the State Register of Medicines and National Register of Medicines of April 24, 2020, as well as instructions for the medical use of drugs. It was revealed that 52 trade names of medicinal products (23 INN) and 17 substances had been registered in the Russian Federation. The analysis carried out by pharmaceutical producing countries has shown that the leading positions in the supply structure are occupied by Russian manufacturers (73.08%). Structuring by dosage forms enables to isolate tablets, covering 32.69%, as well as solutions and capsules, which are 23.08%, respectively. The largest share in the structure of the assortment of substances is occupied by interferon alpha-2b (20.93%). The results of the analysis has shown that the manufacturer carries out all stages of production for the majority of drugs. The index of renewal of the researched drug market over the past 5 years is 16.27%.

This study was carried out taking into account the fact that the search for and introduction into medical practice of drugs for the pharmacological correction of fatigue and restoration of physical performance in asthenic phenomena after illness, physical exertion in military personnel, athletes and the elderly continues to remain relevant.
In the course of the study, we aimed to study the effect of dimethylamino and diethylaminoethanol derivatives with
tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates (aminoethanol derivatives with Krebs cycle acids) on the physical performance of white outbred male mice.
The study was carried out on 490 outbred male mice with body weight 22-24 grams. The limit swimming test with a load was chosen as a screening model to study the effect of new compounds on physical performance.
To select the most effective of the synthesized compounds, a screening of the pharmacological activity of the effect of the new compounds, fumar ester of diethylamino and dimethylaminoethanol with Krebs cycle intermediates, on the physical performance of male mice was performed.
Statistical processing of the data obtained to establish differences between groups was performed using the F-test of ANOVA.
Studies have shown that in their effect on physical performance, these compounds were superior to the reference drug - deanol aceglumate at an optimal dose of 50 mg / kg.
In the process of developing new actoprotective agents, we consider it appropriate to use the ability of the Krebs cycle acids to enhance the antihypoxic, actoprotective and nootropic activity of the base cationic groups in salts.

In this study, the authors attempted to systematize current information based on recommendations, large studies and meta-analyzes of the treatment of myocardial infarction in the elderly. Cardiovascular heart disease represents the leading cause of death in people aged 65 years and over. Acute myocardial infarction is one of the most socially important diseases with a high rate of mortality and disability. In elderly and old patients atypical forms of myocardial infarction are common. High rate of comorbidities, functional and socioeconomic status, side effects associated with drug administration create difficulty in the diagnosis and selection of treatment in the elderly. These patients need a prolonged monitoring with using an additional examinations and dynamic observation. Compared to younger subjects, elderly patients with acute myocardial infarction are less likely to receive evidence-based treatment, including myocardial revascularization therapy. Endovascular revascularization is currently the main standard for the treatment of acute myocardial infarction, but the advantage of the use of interventional cardiology techniques in elderly patients has been insufficiently studied. Older patients are generally underrepresented in cardiovascular trials. Modern scientific literature, illuminating issues of application of pharmacological and endovascular treatment of acute myocardial infarction in elderly and old age patients, contains fragmented and, in some cases, contradictory data, which forces researchers to continue studying new and promising methods of diagnosis and treatment of myocardial infarction in the elderly.

In this study, the dependence of the pharmacological effects of neurotropic peptides of natural and synthetic origin on their structure was studied in laboratory rats. First, the study of the relative molecular profiles of peptide complexes was carried out using HPLC (gel-penetrating chromatography) with an internal standard. Then peptide complexes were administered to animals rectal and verified their biological activity on two independent models – antihypoxic activity (method of altitude the lift timing of the animal's life at a critical height) and the model of assessment of physical performance (time of forced swim test of animals with a load of 10% of the body weight to failure). The obtained data on biological activity (increase) were compared with the features of the structure of peptides. To assess the effect of drug doses on their activity, a single-factor analysis of variance was performed.

It has been shown that antihypoxic activity and performance stimulation are more or less inherent in all the studied peptide preparations, and are dose-dependent and related to the features of the molecular mass distribution of peptide components. It was also found that the specific antihypoxic activity of peptide preparations from brain tissues is associated with components having a mass range from 5 to 10 kDa. The optimal proportions of the peptide components for the implementation of biological activity by mass ranges were determined.

In addition, the chromatographic characteristics (molecular weight distribution over mass ranges) of natural neuropeptide complexes can be used to predict the severity of their biological effects.

The paper presents the aspects of the toxicity, specific activity, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of aceclofenac, given in various sources describing its preclinical studies.

The search for information sources for the study was carried out using domestic and international databases: elibrary and PubMed using contextual queries, including terms of the international nonproprietary name, preclinical studies of pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and animal species.

Aceclofenac is one of the most prescribed drugs for acute and chronic pain. It refers to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, considered as drugs of first choice in the treatment of inflammation and pain.

On the pharmaceutical market of the Russian Federation, aceclofenac is presented in the form of tablets, powder for suspension preparation, cream for external use, which allows it to be prescribed for various diseases. It has shown itself to be highly effective in the symptomatic treatment of diseases of the musculoskeletal system, for the relief of acute and chronic pain.

A review of preclinical studies materials cited in various literature sources and including aspects of studying the toxicity, specific activity, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of aceclofenac, in our opinion, will allow using the data obtained in our study as one of the tools for further registration of generics.

In this paper, the approaches to optimizing the environmental management system at pharmaceutical manufacturing enterprises and the environmental policy of pharmaceutical corporations in general were proposed. In the course of the study, it has turned out that the indicators of the negative impact on the environment as a result of the economic activities of industrial pharmaceutical enterprises do not take into account all the specific features of technological processes. At modern pharmaceutical enterprises, direct environmental risks are minimized at working areas and, in fact, their assessment is replaced by the calculation of barrier and isolation measures, which is in the competence of calculating sanitary and epidemiological risks only for employees of enterprises. In the course of pre-design, design work and the creation of pharmaceutical manufacturing enterprises, owing to the requirements and mandatory application of GxP, in fact, the negative impact on the environment at the enterprise itself within the boundaries of its sanitary zone is reduced to zero. However, a number of questions remain to be resolved, including how and to what extent a pharmaceutical business entity, in the course of its activities, causes a negative impact on the environment outside its location.

With this article, we begin series of publications of the results of our research in the direction of multilateral analysis of environmental risks in pharmaceutical organizations of different profiles and groups of pharmaceutical companies, united into separate corporate companies.

Compared to those approaches to assessing environmental risks as a result of the activities of pharmaceutical manufacturing enterprises, which are mainly focused on meeting the GxP requirements and relate to the quality of manufactured pharmaceutical products, we propose to take into account information with an emphasis, inter alia, on the energy saving policy of the Russian pharmaceutical industry.

The main goal of an integrated approach to the development of environmental policy and environmental management system in the pharmaceutical industry is for the management of manufacturing enterprises to comprehensively monitor and assess all environmental risks and energy conservation, in particular, taking into account the provision of energy efficiency to reduce the negative impact on the environment.

The X all-Russian scientific сonference of students and postgraduates «Young pharmacy-the potential of the future» in 2020 was held in two stages: breakout sessions at the University departments, where reports were selected for the combined sections of the second stage. Based on the results of the second stage, the top 10 reports were
selected for participation in the plenary session on November 6, 2020.

Thanks to Nina Vladimirovna Bespalova for the active support of the present essay. She cherishes the memory of her grandmother Adele Fedorovna Hammermann all her life, a scientist who opened the way for women to the scientific community of Russian pharmacists. A.F. Hammermann became one of the leading specialists in pharmacognosy, the founder of the school for the study of Tibetan traditional medicine in Russia.

For almost half a century, Adel Fedorovna's life was inextricably linked with the present Saint Petersburg State Chemical and Pharmaceutical University. Here she first studied, and then taught and headed the Department of Pharmacognosy.

A.F. Hammermann has become one of those dedicated scientists that the Russian pharmaceutical school is proud of, and generations of university students have learned from her unique scientific heritage.

In the essay, based on materials from the home archive and the memoirs of teachers who at different times worked at the Department of Pharmacognosy of the University, we managed to describe the main milestones in the life path and scientific achievements of Adele Fedorovna Hammermann.

In the future, the authors of the essay hope to collect additional materials about this amazing woman and publish them in a separate edition.