Vol 3, No 1 (2021)

Top universities, along with scientific organizations, have been taking a number of measures to modernize science and education and adapt them to the needs of the real sector of the economy in the implementation of the Strategy for Scientific and Technological Development of the Russian Federation until 2035. Most measures have been implemented.

Search for new ligands selective to different subtypes of 5-HT₂ receptors is an important scientific and practical problem for experimental psychopharmacology and clinical medicine. The majority of existing antagonists of the 5-HT_2A and 5-HT_2C subtypes possess all necessary anti-anxiety and antipsychotic properties, though they are partially selective to 5-HT_2B receptors. Their activation leads to cardiotoxic side effects, so it significantly limits clinical application of these drugs.

For the search of new highly selective ligands of 5-HT_2A/C receptors, an in silico screening algorithm was proposed using PScore.Max and Affinity.maxPScore parameters, which included the affinity of low molecular weight compounds for each 5-HT₂ receptor subtype. Cyclic physiologically active substances of peptide nature have been proposed as new promising drugs with antipsychotic activity. Based on the CXXC library, a number of cyclopeptides with a high selectivity of structure to target binding sites were selected for further in vitro studies by extending of the peptide chain.

It was also found that a promising direction for increasing the selectivity of peptide ligands to 5-HT_2A/C receptors is the introduction of non-proteinogenic amino acids during the formation of an initial docking library. The choice of these amino acids will be due to the nature of interactions between the reference ligands and amino acid residues of the binding site.

Given the data from normative control resources and the research and development information system of the Ministry of Science and Education of the Russian Federation, we were unable to review the results and the quality of publications comprising method development and analytical validation of quantitative and qualitative values of injectable chondroitin sulfate preparations for intramuscular injections.

Therefore, the results obtained in the research “The development of a method for determining the intrinsic viscosity of an injectable chondroitin sodium sulfate preparation for intramuscular injections of 100 mg/ml, 2 ml” remain valid, the method is considered reliable and practical.

The materials and methods used in the research “The development of a method for determining the intrinsic viscosity of an injectable chondroitin sulfate preparation” have provided the possibility to determine the intrinsic viscosity for injectable chondroitin sodium sulfate preparations for intramuscular injections and the use of 0.2 M sodium chloride solution as a solvent. Also, the viscosity of the tested solutions in the concentration range of chondroitin sulfate 4.5-20 mg/ml was accurately сalculated, the value of the intrinsic viscosity determined for each of the preparations under test was in the range of 0.03-0.042 m3/kg.

This study presents the results of a review of recent information, published in a number of academic journals, concerning modern approaches to the treatment and major clinical problems when applying chondroprotectors for arthrological diseases treatment.

Considering the continuing interest in chondroprotectors, stability problems with formulations and modern possibilities in the application of machine learning in drug discovery, additional pharmaceutical design research (Drug design) is expected - from the docking stage to the quantum calculations stage.

The first part of the study includes a brief historical outline on the creation of an objective system for assessing the activities of the oncological service in Russia and the Northwestern Federal District of the Russian Federation.Dynamic series of all types of indicators of the population’s morbidity and mortality have been presented, an increasing process of reliability and improvement of the quality of registration of primary patients with malignant tumors has been shown.In Russia, aswell as in the Northwestern Federal District of the Russian Federation, standardized indicators of the malignant tumorsincidence remain at a relatively low level. In the world ranking of Cancer Registries, the Russian Federation is on 300th place among 450 others.The mortality rate of the population in most localizations isrecorded above the average European indicators.

The study aims to compare the methods of Mucosat drug use and administration for achieving the desired therapeutic effect in the treatment of osteoarthritis.

Despite extensive evidence base, improving complex therapy schemes for the use of successive and complementary dosage forms with the appropriate drug administration and use in order to achieve the desired therapeutic effect is still a valid aim.

In the course of the study, 50 knee osteoarthritis patients were examined and treated during the period from November, 2019 to April, 2020.

A clinical trial was carried out to assess Mucosat oral and parental administration effectiveness in the patients comparing their physical activity, functional ability and quality of life. The number of undesired side effects identified the degree of therapeutic tolerance against the comorbid diseases identified. A comparison of the therapeutic efficacy and tolerability of Musocat intramuscular and capsule administration, patient compliance, the need to take non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) was drawn.

Statistica 12 and Excel 2016 were used to carry out the statistical analysis of the data obtained. The study was generally marked by diagnostic accuracy with the use of modern methods, group homogeneity, prospective observational design.

By the time of pharmacotherapy completion, physical activity has become optimal in the study groups. However, parental therapy had significantly higher effectiveness than the oral one on all the subscales. As a result, articular syndrome severity has been reduced and the functional state of the joints expanded.

The study has shown that Mucosat demonstrates high efficacy both in injectable solution and capsule dosage forms as a basic chondroprotective drug. Mucosat pharmacotherapy course has contributed to permanent discontinuation of NSAIDs before completion of the therapy. The superiority of Mucosat parenteral administration over the oral one has been proven.

Three Volga river delta ducts located in the city of Astrakhan and the Astrakhan region were chosen as objects for bioindication of the ecological status. The aim of the study was to carry out comparative bioelectronic diagnotics of the ecological status of the branches with different size and type of antropogenic load. The assessment was based on the physiological state (health) of the inhabitants – bivalve mollusc Anodonta anatine. The analysis of heart rate of the molluscs was implemented by the fiber-optic bioelectronic system. It has been found that Anodonta anatine collected demonstrate different heart rate recovery time after a 1-hour functional loading within 117–166 minutes. This is the case in mussels inhabiting significantly polluted water areas with the “Bad” ecological status. This characteristic of the water areas fully coincides with the ecological status of the Volga river delta ducts, according to the State report “On the state and protection of the environment in the Russian Federation in 2017”. In this report, the authors propose and substantiate the possibility of using the water area of the Gandurino River as a conditional reference duct for the Volga river delta region. In this case, by the value of the Ecological Quality Ratio (EQR),the status of the Gorodskoy and Maly ducts may be considered as “Good” regional ecological status.

Medical gases have long been used in healthcare. After pipelines began to be used everywhere in the 50s of the last century instead of heavy and clumsy gas supply systems from high-pressure cylinders, it became an almost universal requirement for hospitals to have systems for supplying medical oxygen, carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, air and providing medical vacuum.

There were several periods in the history connected with the rebuilding of the Saint Petersburg State Chemical and Pharmaceutical University, which is over a century old, due to certain events related to the fate of Russia. One of these periods came after the Great Patriotic War. Some students and teachers were evacuated, some joined front line troops, others stayed in besieged Leningrad to live and work. Part of the facilities was evacuated. Another part was destroyed and lost. It was necessary to start all over again.

Based on unpublished documents from Saint Petersburg archives, this paper reconstructs the biography of P.I. Astrakhantsev (1905–1961), a university graduate, chemist, the first post-war director of the Leningrad Institute of Pharmacy. His life path was connected with Alma Mater, as well as with the work in the leading chemical institution of the USSR – the State Institute of Applied Chemistry (at present the Russian Scientific Center of Applied Chemistry) – he also taught chemistry in the 1st Leningrad Medical Institute, Molotov Pharmaceutical Institute, All-Union Correspondence Forest Engineering Institute.