Vol 49, No 4 (2000)
- Year: 2000
- Published: 15.10.2000
- Articles: 19
- URL: https://journals.eco-vector.com/jowd/issue/view/4538
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.17816/JOWD.494
Full Issue
Current problems of urogynecology
Problems of urogynecology in Russia
Abstract
The present article deals -with contemporary situation in urogynecology and touches upon the issues of structure of morbidity with urogenital diseases, medical and social aspects of the problem, and measures that should be undertaken.
The stages of development and perspectives of urogynecology in Russia
Abstract
"... obstetrics-gynecology and female urology are daughter cells of general surgery, they are twins with different age qualifications, genetically, clinically and practically so intimately connected with each other that the boundaries between them are often smoothed out."
A.M. Mazhbits
Urethritis etiology in pregnant and non-pregnant women
Abstract
Peculiarities of urogenital microflora were studied in 75 pregnant and 4 7 non - pregnant patients with urethritis. Women with urethritis usually demonstrate normal (physiological) vaginal biocenosis, which corresponds to the 1st degree. The 2nd degree, indicating bacterial vaginosis, is revealed significantly more оf ten in non-pregnant than in pregnant women. Monoinfection more often takes place in pregnant women, while combined infection in non-pregnant patients. The leading role in the development of urethritis in pregnant and non-pregnant women belongs to ureaplasms, enterobacteria, Mycoplasma hominis, Cory nebacterium urealyticum, Candida sp., Chlamydia trachomatis, group В streptococci.
Possibilities and perspectives of methods of stress-incontinence treatment with low invasive level
Abstract
The authors analyze the data of examination and the results of treatment of patients with stress-incontinence. Literary data and original research made it possible to assert that stress-incontinence treatment must be based on individual choice of operative methods taking into consideration the extension of pelvic diaphragm lesion, genital prolapse degree, type and degree of urinary incontinence, and also the age of patients. So, the revision of surgical treatment standards may appear to be necessary.
On genesis and treatment of vesicovaginal fistula in patients with genital endometriosis
Abstract
The results of treatment of 20 women with vesico-vaginal fistula were generalized. The fistulae appeared after operations in connection with genital endometriosis. Genital endometriosis turned out to promote the development of fistulae due to its fermentative activity after gynecological operations. Postoperative treatment of patients of this category implies complex therapy оf genital endometriosis with subsequent fistula plastics.
Effectiveness of different methods of treating women with genital prolapse complicated with urinary incontinence
Abstract
The article analyses the data of examination and the results of treatment of patients with ptosis and prolapse of internal genital organs associated with abnormal urination. Aponeurotic vaginopexy or its laparoscopic version, according to the authors, proved to be the most effective method of surgical correction of this pathology. Heavy degree of urinary incontinence may require combined operation.
Ureter injury in obstetric-gynecologic practice
Abstract
The article considers the problem of ureter injury in the course of obstetric- gynecologic invasion. The authors pay attention to the symptoms, which make possible to diagnose the pathology, to complications, prophylactic measures of preventing ureter injury, methods of its treatment.
Diagnosis and treatment of urogenital disturbances during postmenopause
Abstract
With the aim of studying the advantages of different methods of treating urogenital diseases combined with other postmenopausal disorders 113 women subjected to isolated peroral substitutive hormonal therapy and to this kind of therapy in association with local estriol therapy were examined. The results testify to the advantages of combined method of treatment as to its effect upon urogenital tract trophism and the speed of correcting attendant climacteric disturbances. Possible mechanisms оf therapeutical effect of this medicamental combination were considered.
Ultrasound monitoring of nonpregnant women with urethritis
Abstract
Ultrasound scanning о f urethral canal and urinary bladder in 25 women with urethritis was performed. Urethral length, diameter and form, the presence of cystourethral funnel, residual urine was determined. Various forms of urethra under urethritis were observed. The differences in urethral length don’t go beyond the limits of physiological fluctuations.
Lectures
The role of bladder instability in pathogenesis of stress-incontinence in women
Abstract
After having held urodynamic examination of 700 women complaining of stress-incontinence 292 cases of bladder instability were revealed. Bladder instability is characterized by spontaneous or provoked detrusor reactions of hypertensive type. They appear involuntarily and are followed with simultaneous urethra relaxation. Heavy increase of intravesical pressure along with the decrease of obturative one under physical stress may lead to urine loss in case of abnormal transmission of increased intraperitoneal pressure impulse. Forming of functional cystourethral funnel and relaxation of urethral cross-striated sphincter cause these disturbances. Bladder instability may lead to the development of stress incontinence or complicate its running.
Original Research
Hormonal function of ovaries under pregnancy developing after ECF
Abstract
With the use of immunoferment method the level of estradiol and progesterone in 78 women with single and 39 women with double pregnancy developing after extracorporal fertilization (ECF) was examined. In case of normal single pregnancy after ECF estradiol and progesterone content corresponds to the indices of control group during the whole period of gestation. Under single pregnancy complicated by threat of abortion low estradiol and progesterone level indicates insufficiency of the yellow body and placenta. Predominance of estrogenic influence turns out to be the decisive factor of late abortion and preterm delivery in pregnant women of this group. Under the threat of abortion in the 1st term of double pregnancy progesterone level is certain to decrease. The results of the study give proof of the necessity of individual approach to the therapy of abortion threat in cases of single and double pregnancy after ECF.
The role of antiphospholipid antibodies in development of pregnancy complications in women with mycoplasmic and associated infections
Abstract
The aim of the study was to determine the frequency of revealing antiphospholipid antibodies in case of pregnant women with mycoplasmic, chlamydeous, herpetic infections, to study peculiarities of clinical course of pregnancy and responses of basic parameters of hemostasis in women with pathological level of antiphospholipid antibodies. 178 infected pregnant women were subjected to clinical examination. The research showed pathological level of antiphospholipid antibodies in 24% of pregnant women with топоту coplasmic and associated infection, 18% of them demonstrating antiphospholipid syndrome. Peculiarities of clinical course of pregnancy and changes of hemostatic system in women with pathological level of antiphospholipid antibodies were determined. It was concluded that the formation of antiphospholipid antibodies is a part of pathogenesis of infectious processes during pregnancy.
The influence of substitutive hormonotherapy on functional state of cardiovascular system and intracardiac hemodynamics
Abstract
The data on cardiovascular system pathology in context of women’s reproductive system state are analyzed. An important role of climacteric period as a supplementary “female” risk factor in development of cardiovascular diseases is revealed. The differences in morbidity structure in case of physiological and surgical menopause are established. The state of cardiovascular system in patients subjected to substitutive hormonotherapy is examined.
The role of dysbiotic vaginal abnormalities in development of infectious inflammatory complications of neonates
Abstract
The role of dysbiotic vaginal abnormalities in development of infectious inflammatory complications of neonates was studied. 310 pregnant women were examined. 136 women with different forms of vaginal microbiocenosis (bacterial vaginosis and vaginitis) formed the first (basic) group. The second (comparative) group included pregnant women with normocenosis and intermediate type of vaginal microbiocenosis (174 women).
As to neonates, Apgar score index, stature and weight and general and infectious morbidity were analyzed.
The research revealed high frequency of pyoinflammatory diseases of early neonatal period in pregnant women with dysbiotic vaginal abnormalities. Elaboration and adoption of clinico-laboratory methods of research plays the decisive role in correct diagnostics of intrauterine infections and, consequently, decrease of perinatal morbidity and mortality.
Spontaneous abortion and its prophylaxis
Abstract
The article considers the mechanisms of early gestational development, the causes of spontaneous abortion, different approaches to its treatment and prophylaxis. It also carries information on modem preparations applied to support early pregnancy.
Reviews
Recombinant human erythropoietin - contemporary aspects of application in obstetrics
Abstract
In the present article the review of modem literature on questions of physiology, biochemistry and the main aspects of use of erythropoietin is presented. Since 1985DNA-recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO), which is applied for the replacement therapy in patients with insufficient production of EPO, became accessible. Since 1997 the Russian preparation rhEPO «Epocrin» is permitted for clinical application. RhEPO in combination with adequate organism saturation with iron is noticed to stimulate erythropoesis effectively inpatients with anemia including pregnant women, postpartum women and premature infants as well.
Discussion
Cytokine production by chorionic villous explant in case of preeclampsia under hypoxia
Abstract
To determine the role of cytokines in pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia, production of IL1/3, IL4, IL6 and TNFa by chorionic villous explant of healthy women and patients with pre-eclampsia under the influence of hypoxia was investigated. The results received testify to considerable changes of cytokine production connected with the form of pre-eclampsia. So, placenta as a source of cytokines in case of pre-eclampsia appears to injure endothelium.