Vol 53, No 1 (2004)

Prenatal diagnosis (PD), as a relatively new area of ​​medical genetics, is experiencing a period of rapid growth. Methodological problems of PD associated with the selection of women at high risk of congenital and hereditary pathology, complex examination of the fetus using non-invasive (ultrasound) and invasive (cytogenetic, molecular, biochemical) research methods have already been resolved. Further increase in the effectiveness of PD, its scientific and practical significance depends entirely on the level of organization of this service in the field and its funding. An important role in the development of modern PD in Russia was played by the PD laboratory of the N.I. BEFORE. Otta RAMS.

• The present review is dedicated to monoaminergic systems involved in hypothalamic regulation of reproduction, as well as to the role of the systems in GnRH synthesis and secretion regulation. Data are presented on the ovarian steroid hormones, the suprachiasmatic nuclei of the hypothalamus, in which the central oscillator of a mammalian organism's diurnal rhythms is located, and on the pineal hormone melatonin involved in formation of reproductive cycles. Both own results and literature data referring to the role of diurnal rhythms of the activity of monoaminergic systems of the hypothalamus in the central regulation of reproduction are discussed.

The symptom of stress incontinence can be the manifestation of the organic and functional pathology of the bladder and urethra. Consequently, there is necessity of the differential approach to the choice of treatment methods. In present article, the problem of stress incontinence is discussed according to pathophysiological point of view.

The present study was undertaken to investigate hemostasis system of 197 women with recurrent miscarriage: Analysis placentas by immunomorphology are studied of 41 women and of 52 women with autoimmune antibodies to β₂-glycoprotein-I (β₂-GPI) in placenta. There was exposed hyperactivation platelets blood of all women with antiphospholipid antibodies irrespective of groups with significantly was increased at the beginning of pregnancy and progressed with growing gestation. As result of investigation it is determined certain connection between outcome of pregnancy and activation degree platelets blood in vasculars. Was found absence influence anticardiolipin antibodies (aCL) on plasmocoagulative link hemostasis. The circulation of lupus anticoagulant (LA) was accompanied indication of hypercoagulation. In all research groups was determined significant oppression of fibrinolisis. Analysis placentas by immunomorphology was determined significantly tissue damages with LA and β₂-GPI-dependent aCL.

The contribution of the Ott institute collaborators in formation and development of auxiliary reproduction technologies is elucidated in this article.

We analyzed the ultra-structure of endosalpingian microbiopsies in 26 infertile patients with hydrosalpingites. We calculated the percentage of ciliated cells and estimated different parameters including the height of the epithelium, the presence of adhesions, epithelial desquamation, inflammatory cells and fibrosis in the wall. The microbiopsies were also investigated for their fine structure by transmission microscopy. Abnormalities of the kinocilia were detected. It was found that the formation of the hydrosalpingites is followed by the development of the deep dystrophic changes in endosalpinx. The latter can be the reason for the functional tubal disability in infertile patients.

This article is dedicated to the significant date in domestic obstetrics and gynecology history, to wit: 100 years from the day of building and opening the D.O. Ott Scientific and Research institute of obstetrics and gynecology of RAMS.

In clinical lecture, etiology, pathogenesis, principles of diagnostics and methods for treatment of tromboembolic complications, which the most often an obstetric- gynecologist meets in its practice. Authors present their own clinical observations, which allow to them formulating the main principles of tromboembolism prophylaxis in obstetrics and gynecology.

The reasons of dysfunctional menometrorrhagia in the perimenopause are revealed in the article , the algorithm of patient examination and necessity of differential diagnostics are given, methods of hormonal and surgical treatment of this disease are presented.

The complex anonymus sociological inquiry of children's gynecologists, their patients and patient mothers was fulfilled. Questionnaires manifested that no all questioned physicians correctly understand and observe the principles of medical ethics and deontology concerning the medical secret, examination ethics, informed agree etc. This leads to conflicts among patients and their parents, to unsatisfactory of the received medical assistance. One gives references on the organizational-deontological aspect improvement for the children's gynecology service.

Authors put series of concrete questions concerning medical ethics and deontology at the obstetrician-gynecologist work and propose to discuss them.

April 29 (May 5) 1754 is a significant date in Russian obstetrics. On this day, the Governing Senate approved the representation of the Medical Chancellery (the highest body of state administration of medicine in Russia at that time) by issuing the Decree of Her Imperial Majesty Elizabeth Petrovna, which laid the foundation for the organization of obstetrics in Russia. The draft Decree was prepared by the President of the Medical Chancellery Pavel Zakharovich Kondoidi.