Vol 53, No 1 (2004)
- Year: 2004
- Articles: 20
- URL: https://journals.eco-vector.com/jowd/issue/view/4420
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.17816/JOWD.531
Full Issue
Reviews
Certain historical, practical and scientific aspects of prenatal diagnostics in st. Petersburg
Abstract
Prenatal diagnosis (PD), as a relatively new area of medical genetics, is experiencing a period of rapid growth. Methodological problems of PD associated with the selection of women at high risk of congenital and hereditary pathology, complex examination of the fetus using non-invasive (ultrasound) and invasive (cytogenetic, molecular, biochemical) research methods have already been resolved. Further increase in the effectiveness of PD, its scientific and practical significance depends entirely on the level of organization of this service in the field and its funding. An important role in the development of modern PD in Russia was played by the PD laboratory of the N.I. BEFORE. Otta RAMS.
Reproduction immunology: old dogmas and new conceptions
Abstract
The article reviews the recent data concerning the role, which components of immune system play in the regulation of gestation. The evidences are provided for the participation of cytokines and immune cells in pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia and spontaneous abortion. The attempt has been made to demonstrate the evolution of ideas and conceptions in this field for past 10-15 years.
Role of bio-genic amines for the hypothalamic regulation of reproductive function
Abstract
- The present review is dedicated to monoaminergic systems involved in hypothalamic regulation of reproduction, as well as to the role of the systems in GnRH synthesis and secretion regulation. Data are presented on the ovarian steroid hormones, the suprachiasmatic nuclei of the hypothalamus, in which the central oscillator of a mammalian organism's diurnal rhythms is located, and on the pineal hormone melatonin involved in formation of reproductive cycles. Both own results and literature data referring to the role of diurnal rhythms of the activity of monoaminergic systems of the hypothalamus in the central regulation of reproduction are discussed.
Osteoprotegerin and its ligands for regulating the osteal resorption: experimental and clinical application aspects under estrogen deficiency conditions
Abstract
Modem conceptions concerning the role of OPG-RANK-RANKL system in a local paracrinic mechanism of the regulation of osteoclastogenesis and osteal resorption processes are presented in this article. Here, results of the first clinical researches of prognostic signification of ORG determinations for estimating disruption manifestations in osteal metabolism under estrogen deficiency conditions as well as data on the OPG use as an anti-resorbable agent at the treatment of post-menopausal osteoporosis.
Original Research
Symptom of stress incontinence: pathogenesis, differential diagnosis and treatment problems
Abstract
The symptom of stress incontinence can be the manifestation of the organic and functional pathology of the bladder and urethra. Consequently, there is necessity of the differential approach to the choice of treatment methods. In present article, the problem of stress incontinence is discussed according to pathophysiological point of view.
The microbiological investigations in the diagnostics of infections affecting human reproduction
Abstract
In the article there are data concerning the development of research activity in the field of reproductive tract infections fulfilled at the laboratory of microbiology, the D.O.Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, for last one hundred years. The importance of microbiological investigations in diagnosing genital, perinatal and neonatal infections is underlined. Own data on diagnostics, epidemiology, clinical manifestations of listeriosis, toxoplasmosis, viral and bacterial infections are present in the article.
Hemostasis system and immunomorphologic state of placenta under presence of antiphospholipid antibodies in plasma with consideration of their class and pregnancy outcome
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to investigate hemostasis system of 197 women with recurrent miscarriage: Analysis placentas by immunomorphology are studied of 41 women and of 52 women with autoimmune antibodies to β2-glycoprotein-I (β2-GPI) in placenta. There was exposed hyperactivation platelets blood of all women with antiphospholipid antibodies irrespective of groups with significantly was increased at the beginning of pregnancy and progressed with growing gestation. As result of investigation it is determined certain connection between outcome of pregnancy and activation degree platelets blood in vasculars. Was found absence influence anticardiolipin antibodies (aCL) on plasmocoagulative link hemostasis. The circulation of lupus anticoagulant (LA) was accompanied indication of hypercoagulation. In all research groups was determined significant oppression of fibrinolisis. Analysis placentas by immunomorphology was determined significantly tissue damages with LA and β2-GPI-dependent aCL.
Etiо pathogenesis of spontaneous abortion
Abstract
One studied immunologic and genetic aspects of spontaneous abortion and the placenta insufficiency role in this pathology. It was determined, that increasing the production of cytokines by placenta's macrophages through something leads to increasing the reduced myometrium activity. Under cariotyping husbands and wives had spontaneous abortions on early terms it was found various genic and endocrine disturbtions. Modern topic diagnostics and algorithm of pregnancy observation with consideration of spontaneous abortion etiopathogenesis, treatment and placenta insufficiency prophylactics have permitted in most cases (more 93%) to give normal term of birth, to decrease perinatal losses.
Disturbtion of the endosalpingeal ultra-structure as a sterility cause under distal uterine tube occlusion
Abstract
We analyzed the ultra-structure of endosalpingian microbiopsies in 26 infertile patients with hydrosalpingites. We calculated the percentage of ciliated cells and estimated different parameters including the height of the epithelium, the presence of adhesions, epithelial desquamation, inflammatory cells and fibrosis in the wall. The microbiopsies were also investigated for their fine structure by transmission microscopy. Abnormalities of the kinocilia were detected. It was found that the formation of the hydrosalpingites is followed by the development of the deep dystrophic changes in endosalpinx. The latter can be the reason for the functional tubal disability in infertile patients.
Risk factors for obstetric-gynecological pathology of pregnancy and childbirth, leading to perinatal losses
Abstract
Unfavourable current gestation process is reflected in a level and structure of perinatal losses (PL). Prognostic risk factors of obstetric-gynaecological pathology of PL are revealed. Real pro-phylaxis of PL is based on diagnostics of subclinical infringements of pregnant condition and their preventive corrections.
Current public health problems
From the Imperial obstetrics institute to the first academic institute of obstetrics and gynecology in Russia
Abstract
This article is dedicated to the significant date in domestic obstetrics and gynecology history, to wit: 100 years from the day of building and opening the D.O. Ott Scientific and Research institute of obstetrics and gynecology of RAMS.
Lectures
Tromboembolic complications in obstetric- gynecological practices
Abstract
In clinical lecture, etiology, pathogenesis, principles of diagnostics and methods for treatment of tromboembolic complications, which the most often an obstetric- gynecologist meets in its practice. Authors present their own clinical observations, which allow to them formulating the main principles of tromboembolism prophylaxis in obstetrics and gynecology.
Diagnostics and treatment of dysfunctional uterine bleeding in the perimenopause
Abstract
The reasons of dysfunctional menometrorrhagia in the perimenopause are revealed in the article , the algorithm of patient examination and necessity of differential diagnostics are given, methods of hormonal and surgical treatment of this disease are presented.
Discussion
Peculiarities of medical ethics in children’s gynecology
Abstract
The complex anonymus sociological inquiry of children's gynecologists, their patients and patient mothers was fulfilled. Questionnaires manifested that no all questioned physicians correctly understand and observe the principles of medical ethics and deontology concerning the medical secret, examination ethics, informed agree etc. This leads to conflicts among patients and their parents, to unsatisfactory of the received medical assistance. One gives references on the organizational-deontological aspect improvement for the children's gynecology service.
Patient rights and physician responsibility - the lawyer view
Abstract
At present, it is well known that the number of claims against medical organizations of various organizational and legal forms of ownership is steadily growing. The amount paid to patients as reimbursement for inadequate medical care is also on the rise.
History page
"On the decent institution of Babichiev's case in favor of society" (to the 250th anniversary of the decree of the ruling Senate)
Abstract
April 29 (May 5) 1754 is a significant date in Russian obstetrics. On this day, the Governing Senate approved the representation of the Medical Chancellery (the highest body of state administration of medicine in Russia at that time) by issuing the Decree of Her Imperial Majesty Elizabeth Petrovna, which laid the foundation for the organization of obstetrics in Russia. The draft Decree was prepared by the President of the Medical Chancellery Pavel Zakharovich Kondoidi.