Vol 49, No 2 (2000)

A review of modem literature on problems of etiology, pathogenesis and diagnosis of ovarian autoimmune disorders is presented. Histologic and immunologic diagnostic methods are described. A comparison of our own and literary data allowed to substantiate the existence of normogonadotropic form of autoimmune oophoritis which is not accompanied by primordial follicles disorders and does not lead to the development of hypergonadotropic amenorrhea. This is confirmed by reliable differences in the occurrence of antigens of class IIHLA system in cases of normogonadotropic and hypergonadotropic forms of disease. Attention is attracted to the necessity of early diagnosis while of gonadotropins level is in the limits of physiological fluctuations.

In the article, the modem aspects of surgical treatment ofpatients with mammary glands cancer are considered.

The authors consider the ways for efficiency estimation of sorbent prophylaxis of infection in women after abdominal cesarean section.

The implemented special prenatal technology (selection of pregnant women in group of high risk, sanation of the chronic tooth infection and infection of genital organs, prevention and treatment of ferrous deficiency anemia, correction of protein and mass body deficiency, early diagnostics and surgical correction of cervical insufficiency, elective hospitalization from 28 to 34 weeks of gestation, antenatal prevention of respiratory distress syndrome) has reduced preterm delivery from 45% to 6%, neonatal mortality from 28% to 0%, intrauterine growth retardation from 43% to 17%.

22 patients with different duration of the disease with pronounced inflammatory changes in the urethra were observed. Ultrasound scanning allowed to see various urethral forms, cystourethral funnel, residual urine, renal doubling, nephroptosis and other disorders which were confirmed by intravenous urography. Among etiological factors of the inflammatory process E. coli, C. trachomatis, M. hominis, U. urealyticum, Candida albicans, Herpes simplex virus were identified. Antobiotics, nitrofurans, fitopreparations as well as interferon and laser therapy were used for the treatment. These measures resulted in the disappearance of clinical manifestations and positive dynamics of inflammatory changes under the urethrocytoscopic control.

In the prospective study the clinical efficiency of phytopreparation “Climadinon” (Bionorica, Germany) in climacteric syndrome treatment is estimated. It contains phytoestrogens and was used for 42 patient’s treatment. The high clinical efficiency is noted, that improved the vegeto-vessel disturbances in 66,6% patients.

The maximal therapeutic effect of Climadinon was noted by the 4th week of treatment and was more obvious in postmenopausal patients (86,6% of positive effects), compared to premenopausal patients (55,5%).

In perimenopausal patients the 3-months Climadinon therapy led to menstrual cycle repair in 63%. Inpatients over 50 years - there was noted amenorrhea (in 38,5% cases).

In the article the modem questions of epidemiology, early diagnostics and prophylaxis of mammal cancer are discussed.

In 1999, the city's obstetric and gynecological service underwent some changes. During the year maternity hospitals No.7 and No.13 were closed, and on their basis maternity hospital No.10 was organized, which had the largest number of deliveries - 3351. All maternity institutions can be divided into several groups according to the volume of work performed: over 3000 deliveries were performed in maternity hospitals 10, 6, 16; from 2000 to 3000 deliveries were performed in maternity hospitals MM 9, 15, 18, 13, 1; from 1000 to 2000 - in maternity hospital № 11, clinics of Obstetrics and Gynecology Institute named after D. O. Ott, I.P. Pavlov Medical University, Kolpin maternity department; in other obstetric facilities less than 1000 deliveries were performed during the year.

The authors consider the modem aspects on hormonal role in mammary glands formation and functioning, as well as оf pathogenic aspects оf hormonal mammary disorders treatment.

The article considers the decrease in the incidence of cesarean section by optimizing the management of pregnant women and women in labor and introducing new technologies. In recent years, there has been a decrease in the incidence of the operation from 24 to 20%.
Much attention is paid to the issues of cesarean section in perinatal medicine, as well as to the development of indications and contraindications for cesarean section in premature pregnancy both during pregnancy and in labor, which allowed to reduce perinatal mortality and morbidity in premature babies by three times.
Ways to further reduce abdominal delivery in complicated pregnancy and childbirth, as well as in the presence of certain diseases were outlined: diabetes mellitus in pregnant women, first-born women of advanced age with extragenital diseases.

We present an observation of an oversized ovarian tumor belonging to pseudomucinous cysts.

The article describes the general effects of hormonal gestagen influence on the morphology and function of mammary glands.

The article includes the historical information on the main points and facts from the life of famous Russian obstetrician P.Z.Kondoidi.