Vol 21, No 2 (2013)

This paper presents data on morphological changes in the wall of abdominal aortic aneurysms in order to study the importance of the inflammatory response in the development of an aneurysm. It is found that chronic inflammation plays a major role in the pathogenesis of abdominal aortic aneurysm formation. In the wall of the aneurysm revealed extensive inflammatory infiltrates of lymphocytes, macrophages, which are the main source of metalloproteinases that cause degeneration of elastin and collagen, which leads to the destruction of the wall structure and dilatation of the aorta.

The aim of the work: the investigation of the morphofunctional features of the thyroid gland of male Wistar rats depending on the dose of consumed alcohol under the conditions of voluntary intake. The levels of thyrothrophin (TSH), triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxin (T4) and morphometric parameters of thyroid gland were estimated. Depending on the individual alcohol consumption three subgroups of rats were distinguished: with low (3,14±0,19 g/kg per day), medium (7,23±0,54 g/kg per day) and high consumption (13.51±1.12 g/kg per day). TSH concentration increased for the animals with medium and low consumption, being within normal limits for the animals with high consumption. The T4 level decreased in groups with medium and high consumption, T3 decreased only in the group with medium consumption. Under the conditions of voluntary intake alcohol induced an apparent activating effect onto the thyroid gland independently of the dose, which consisted in a mass increase and the increase of the nuclei area and thyrocyte height. The detected differences in rat alcohol consumption and the intensity of the activation signs of the thyroid gland under the conditions of voluntary intake can be stipulated by the genetically determined body properties.

There is increasing evidence that chronic environmental exposure to DDT and other pesticides play an important role in disregulation of the immune system and increased incidence of autoimmune and allergic diseases. The aim of the research was to investigate whether consumption of low doses of DDT may affect the immune system and change morphology and function of thymus. The research was performed on 42 Wistar rats 80-100gg body weight. Rats were exposed to 1.89±0.086μg/kg DDT per os for 6 and 10 weeks. Histological examination found time-depending acceleration of apoptosis both of lymphocytes and reticuloepitelial cells. After 10 weeks of exposure proliferation of thymocytes was significantly decreased. Concanavalin A-induced mitogenic activity of thymocytes after 10 weeks of exposure to DDT was 6 times higher than the control values. The data obtained showed that even low doses of DDT accelerated thymus aging and modulated proliferation of thymocytes.

This article has studied the local action of the alternating magnetic field on the nonspecific mechanisms of human adaptation. It is shown that the body’s response to the electromagnetic effect is a complex phenomenon system, including mechanisms at various levels and has its own functional organization. Parameters of local influences AMF must be optimized based on the dynamics of adaptive mechanisms: the spatio-temporal local magnetic therapy must maintain a minimum activation of stress mechanisms and implement the most include stress-limiting mechanisms.

In the experiment on rats a new derivative of ascorbic acid with antihypoxic activity was learned. It is shown that a dose of 100 mg / kg in normoxia and after exposure to acute hypoxia, it reduces the activity of free radical oxidation, has no effect on the hemogram, but leads to a significant reduction of ALT, AST, alkaline phosphatase, LDG, the level of uric acid and total protein after acute hypoxia, which is of some importance in its hypoxic effect.

The main indicators of the quality of the art medical facilities are the lack of infections associated with medical care (IHS) for patients and staff, low level of occupational diseases. These indicators can provide only a set of preventive measures aimed at improving the quality of patient care and safety of personnel.

The fifth years condition of patient with rheumatic heart disease, change in quality of life, echocardiographic data and chronic heart failure progress present in article. The patients had not change in chronic heart failure condition and quality of life but had negative echocardiographic dynamic. Combination of atrial fibrillation, diabetes mellitus, severe mitral stenosis and left atrial dilatation increase risk of death patients with rheumatic heart disease.

The study of interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein in 101 patients with hypothyroidism revealed a close relationship between metabolic, proinflammatory factors and the state of blood vessels in patients with hypothyroidism (p <0,05) compared to healthy individuals. Formation of pro-inflammatory state is a risk factor for vascular intimal lesions in patients with hypothyroidism, especially with the idiopathic form of it.

The role of а-motor neurons in the pathogenesis of spasticity and rigidity in multiple sclerosis and Parkinson’s disease. Extent of change in motor unit potentials (MUP) in multiple sclerosis and Parkinson’s disease is directly dependent on the shape and duration of the disease. Quality of life, health-related, in patients with multiple sclerosis suffer less than in patients with Parkinson’s disease. All patients perceive their disease as a stressful factor reduces the quality of life and limits their role in society.

The paper presents the material with the problems of surgical treatment of patients with severe obesity. On a sufficient factual material provides an assessment of all the authors of the applied methods of bariatric operations, dynamics of decrease in weight. Attention is drawn to the causality of the development of complications and methods of their treatment. Estimated remote (over three years) the results of operations.

The results of treatment using the Ilizarov fixator combined with arthroscopy in 39 patients (38±4.5 years) with the knee intra-articular fractures have been analyzed clinically and physiologically. The functional state of the lower limb muscles has been evaluated depending on the type of feet support responses using the techniques of dynamometry and electromyography. Significant changes in the stride cycle parameters were registered in case of > 40% asymmetry of the moment of force values of leg flexors/extensors and < 1.0 values of the index of antagonist muscles. When the antagonist index was < 0.5 the ability to maintain the body stable balance in walking was disordered, and the patients had to use additional supports. Attention should be primarily focused to the recovery of the anterior group of femoral muscles in patients with Type I feet support responses, and to that of both the anterior and posterior groups of femoral muscles - for patients with Type II. Treatment-and-rehabilitation measures should be directed to the function recovery of femoral and leg muscle groups for Type III of feet support responses.

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) - a family of enzymes, which convert extracellular matrix. Proved the role of MMPs in apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells, tissues remodulition the optic nerve and the change in the form of lattice plate with POAG. MMPs are involved in violations of blood aqueous barrier and the regulation of intraocular fluid. Many papers have focused on the role of these enzymes in the filter pad with scarring antiglaucomatous operations. The study of MMPs offers the prospect of early diagnosis and targeted therapy of POAG pathogenesis.