Vol 343, No 1 (2022)

The author presented an analysis of activities of the medical service of the Armed Forces under conditions of a pandemic of new coronavirus infection in 2021: an almost 2-fold decrease compared to 2020 was noted in the number of deaths among military personnel, which is 48 times lower than among the civilian population. The author analyzed preparation efforts on medical service management bodies, medical support of mass events in an unstable sanitary and epidemiological situation due to new coronavirus infection, preservation, and improvement of the health of military personnel; from 2013 to 2021, the level of general sickness among military personnel decreased by 30% – from 918 to 646‰, the target indicator for reducing the incidence of socially significant diseases in servicemen has been achieved – 17.4‰). The performance indicators of military health care in such areas as the implementation of programs to improve oncological care and the fight against cardiovascular diseases, the legal regulation of medical support, sanatorium and resort services, primarily those who have suffered from COVID-19, and the training of military medical specialists were assessed. The necessity of further development of the system of remote telemedicine consultations has been substantiated. Analyzed the results of the International Army Games «ARMY-2021», research activities, providing a peacekeeping contingent in Nagorno-Karabakh and providing humanitarian assistance to foreign states, improving the material and technical base of military medical organizations. The author identified the main tasks for 2022, considering the evolving situation with the new coronavirus infection.

In May 2020, a 100-bed multifunctional medical center was deployed on the territory of the 413th military hospital to help patients with a new coronavirus infection. From July 2020 to February 2021, the work of the surgical service was reorganized taking into account the requirements of the introduced anti-epidemic regime. To provide emergency and urgent surgical care, a small operating room of a multifunctional medical center was commissioned, an observatory for patients with a surgical profile was deployed based on the infectious diseases department. As a result, the flows of infected patients and uninfected patients requiring planned surgical treatment were separated, which made it possible to maintain surgical activity: during the observation period of 63 operations, 58 patients.

The problem of diagnosing and treating chronic cough is associated with the peculiarities of its natural course: the prevalence of the acute course of the disease over chronic cough, a large number of reasons for the development of cough syndrome, various complications, insufficient effectiveness of treatment programs, as well as the apparent simplicity of diagnosis and treatment. To reduce labor losses and expenditure of material resources, the algorithm for diagnosing chronic cough in military personnel was revised. It is taken into account that military service with increased physical and emotional stress, exposure to various unfavorable environmental conditions, bad habits, and errors in the diet can be factors of both debut and exacerbation of the chronic disease. Attention is drawn to the need for an integrated approach to the survey. In this case, a specific allergological examination, an assessment of spirographic studies, the use of inhalation provocative tests, the involvement of doctors of various specialties (otorhinolaryngologists, tuberculosis specialists, gastroenterologists, allergologists, psychologists, psychiatrists) are required.

One of the mechanisms for increasing the efficiency of military pre-university educational organizations is scientifically grounded rationing of medical property for their provision. The article presents the factors influencing the need for medical equipment of military pre-university educational organizations, offers modern approaches to the rationing of medicines, medical devices, medical equipment, and technology. An algorithm for the development of a new system of rationing has been determined, proposals for its implementation in the norms for the supply of medical equipment to military pre-university educational organizations have been substantiated.

An analysis of approaches to assessing the activities of an official of the medical support management bodies of troops (forces) is presented. The most important so far have determined the individual qualities of the leader; activities of the manager; the level of training of the subordinate medical support management body. Implementation of these indicators is possible through evaluation criteria. It is shown that the individual assessment of the official of the medical support management body should be carried out taking into account the special activities for the organization of medical support for troops (forces) and the list of activities.

A study was conducted to determine the parameters of cell renewal of the gastric mucosa in Helicobacter-associated diseases and, based on them, supplement the new diagnostic criteria for the progression of its structural changes in patients with chronic atrophic gastritis, peptic ulcer, and gastric cancer. Data on changes in the studied indicators of cell renewal are presented; the significance of these indicators in the diagnosis and prediction of the course of stomach diseases in this group of patients is shown.

The article discusses the possibility of improving the safety of the transfusion of blood and its components. The analysis of the distribution of dangerous transfusion antigens of erythrocytes in the military personnel of the Central Military District is presented. It was concluded that during transfusion therapy it is necessary to determine not only the blood group of the ABO system and the Rh-belonging of the patient and the donor, but also the compatibility of their Rh/Kell-phenotypes.

Based on a prospective 6-month observation of 205 recruits, it was established that the use of electronic cigarettes has a statistically significant (p<0.05) correlation relationship (r=0.21) with the incidence of community-acquired pneumonia.

A retrospective analysis of the results of a radionuclide study of the skeleton and X-ray confirmation of metastases in 72 registered patients diagnosed with breast cancer was carried out. Bone metastases were found in 37 (52%) of them. The factors influencing the nature and timing of metastasis were identified, and groups of patients with a high risk of developing bone metastases were formed for their early diagnosis and timely initiation of treatment.

The article analyzes the results of the life path and creative legacy of the Academician of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences and the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences, Professor Major General of the Medical Service Vitaly Dmitrievich Belyakov, whose 100th birthday was celebrated in November 2021. The outstanding scientist-epidemiologist for 18 years headed the Department of General and Military Epidemiology of the S.M.Kirov Medical Academy, after completing military service, for 14 years he was the head of the department of epidemiology at the I.M.Sechenov 1st Moscow Medical Institute. Academician V.D.Belyakov made a valuable contribution to the professional training of personnel for the military medical service and health care of the country, to the improvement of the system of anti-epidemic support of the Armed Forces and preventive medicine in Russia. The main merit of V.D.Belyakov in epidemiological science is the development of the theoretical foundations of unified epidemiology of infectious and non-infectious diseases, the study of the patterns of self-regulation of parasitic systems. He is rightfully considered one of the founders of the modern methodology for epidemiological surveillance of the incidence of the population and the epidemic process of current infections, as well as a reformer of the preventive direction of higher medical education.