Vol 70, No 2 (2021)

Ferula has been used in folk medicine in the Central Asia countries, Iran, China, and India since ancient times. The genus Ferula plants widely distributed in Southern and Central Tajikistan contain terpenoid compounds, coumarins, esters of organic acids, peptides, carbohydrates, etc. The biologically active compounds contained in the genus Ferula plants exhibit various pharmacological activities: antioxidant, antileishmanial, anticonvulsant, antidiabetic, antispasmodic, antihypertensive, antinociceptive, and others. Ferulas are a rich source of gum resin that is widely used in traditional medicine of the peoples of the world. Gum resin possesses sedative, carminative, antispasmodic, expectorant, laxative, analgesic, anthelmintic, antiseptic, and diuretic activities and has aphrodisiac signs, owing to which it is used in animal husbandry to increase the fertility of livestock. The plants of the genus Ferula are promising raw materials for the design of novel highly effective medicines showing different pharmacological types of action.

Introduction. Low baby's breath (Gypsophila muralis L.) is an annual herbaceous plant that is widely distributed in Eurasia. It is not picky about soils, grows on sands, roads, and wastelands. It often supplanted by other species. Its decorative forms run wild easily. It has never been used in official and folk medicine, but in recent years it has been applied for decorative purposes. Objective: to investigate the anatomical structure and chemical composition of low baby's breath herb. Material and methods. The investigation object was dried low baby's breath herb collected on fallow lands in the vicinity of the village of Retkino, Ryazan Region. Morphological and anatomical analyses were carried out in accordance with the requirements of the 14th Edition of the Russian Federation's State Pharmacopoeia. The chemical composition of the herb was examined for ecdysteroids and polyphenolic compounds by HPLC on a Gilson-305 chromatograph with a UV detector. Results. The structure of the vegetative and generative organs of low baby's breath was investigated. There was evidence that its raw material contained ecdysteroids (ecdysterone, polypodine B) and polyphenolic compounds (caffeic, gallic, chicory, ferulic, neochlorogenic acids, vicenin, catechin, coumarin, epigallocatechin gallate, lutein-7-glucosamine, hesperidin, and rutin. Conclusion. Low baby's breath can and must be used as a highly effective source of ecdysteroids and polyphenolic compounds.

Introduction. Common myrtle (Myrtus commonis L.) is a promising medicinal plant that is comprehensively being studied in the Nikita Botanical Garden to be introduced into industrial culture as a raw source for obtaining medicinal plant raw materials. Objective. To investigate the morphological and anatomical characteristics of myrtle leaves as characteristics of the identity of promising medicinal plant raw materials. Material and methods. The investigation object was fresh and dried whole and crushed leaves of common myrtle cultivated at the production site of the Nikita Botanical Garden (the Republic of Crimea). The myrtle leaves underwent morphological and anatomical studies in accordance with the general pharmacopoeia articles «Leaves» and «Technique for microscopic and microchemical studies of medicinal plant raw materials and herbal medicines» in the 14th Edition of the Russian Federation's State Pharmacopoeia, by using transmitted or polarized light microscopy. Results. The external signs of the whole leaves of common myrtle, the characteristic features of which may include the shape and size of the leaves and the characteristic taste and odor of the raw material, were determined. The anatomical and diagnostic signs of the whole leaves and their powder (the dorsoventral structure of the leaf blade; the presence of anomocytic stomata only on the abaxial side; conceptacles with essential oil; druses and prismatic crystals of calcium oxalate) were revealed. The biometric anatomical and diagnostic characteristics were determined. Conclusion. The morphological and anatomical characteristics of the whole and crushed leaves of common leaves were established in accordance with the pharmacopoeial requirements.

Introduction. The creation of business ecosystems has become one of the current trends in building corporate interactions in the external and internal environments. Pharmaceutical logistics is the key area in prospectively modifying the market drug distribution system when applying an ecosystem approach. It is in the logistics systems of pharmaceutical enterprises that it is, from our point of view, necessary to determine the potential for added efficiency of the drug supply system, by introducing a sectoral territorial pharmaceutical ecosystem (TPE). Objective: to develop and test a methodological approach to determining the predictive effectiveness of ecosystem transformation of the distribution logistics of the industrial pharmaceutical complex of the Ural Federal District (UFB), by building a TPE. Material and methods. The methodology for modeling the micrologistic systems of pharmaceutical plants in the UFD took into account factors, such as the price of products, the level of trade impositions in the wholesale market segment, batch sizes, and qualitative characteristics of the assortment portfolio of drugs from a specific manufacturer. Modeling was carried out using the distribution data on 474 brand-name medicines produced in the UFD. The hierarchical clustering of a sample of drug manufacturers in the UFD, by taking into account the parameter of serial production and the degree of logistics centralization was done to deepen and detail the specific features of the production and distribution of medicines in the UFD. Results. The analysis of the features of the aggregated wholesale supply of the test drug group showed a small share (3.8%) of medicines with constant defect-free distribution and a small percentage (28%) of brand drug names in the structure of the wholesale supply. There was evidence for a tendency of logistics centralization with the priority of large federal distributors and for a smaller share of large federal distributors in the logistics subsystem of the UFD than the average for the pharmaceutical market of the Russian Federation. A methodology for assessing the frontal marginality of merchandise flow and logistics imbalance, by taking into account the compliance of the assortment with demand, was proposed for a qualitative assessment of the market distribution system for medicines produced in the UFD. Testing the procedure was in the simulation of the impact of introducing the TPE in the distribution pharmaceutical logistics system of the UFD, in the formation of a single comparison field of the examined enterprises by critical logistics system parameters (logistics efficiency, compliance with demand, and logistic imbalance) and in the predictive modeling of the effect of optimizing the distribution system. Conclusion. It has been shown that the introduction of TPE in the logistics systems of UFD industrial enterprises will be able to achieve a 16.2% increase in the relative predictive efficiency of drug distribution channels. The significantly enhanced logistics efficiency in the distribution channels for the medicines produced in the Urals indicates the feasibility of TFE as a model for the further development of the territorial system for organizing the production and distributing the medicines.