Vol 71, No 1 (2022)

Introduction. Currently, the development of drug delivery systems is one of the priorities of pharmaceutical technology. Objective: The purpose of the work is to review the scientific and technical literature concerning the possibility of using mineral carriers for oral delivery of medicinal substances. Material and methods: To achieve this goal, it was necessary to review the use of mineral carriers for oral drug delivery, as well as the systematization and classification of mineral carriers for the oral drug delivery. Electronic resources such as eLibrary, CyberLeninka, PubMed were used as research materials. Research methods are analysis and generalization. The study covered the scientific literature for the period from 2002 to the present. Results. It has been established that mineral carriers can be used for oral delivery of the following drug groups: nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, antibiotics, hypotensive, antitumor, and antipsychotic drugs. The systematization and classification of mineral carriers for oral delivery of medicinal substances has been carried out. It was established that currently five potential groups of medical clays should be considered as mineral carriers: palygorskite (attapulgite), kaolin, smectite, zeolite, and silicon dioxide. Conclusion. Now, zeolites based on the mineral clinoptilolite are at the stage of study and are promising mineral raw materials for obtaining carriers of medicinal substances. Different types of pores of mineral carriers allow them to adsorb drugs and release them in a more pharmacologically active form. Porous mineral carriers based on montmorillonite clay are used to improve the oral bioavailability of poorly water-soluble medicinal substances by increasing their solubility.

Introduction. In the Russian Federation, some drugs of common ivy leaves containing triterpene saponins with a wide spectrum of action are registered and approved for use in medicine. At the moment, the plant is not included in the current regulatory documentation, while it is pharmacopoeial in many European countries. Issues concerning the approval process for use common ivy leaves in medicine in the Russian Federation as a pharmacopoeial medicinal plant raw material will be actual soon; it makes relevant the standardization research of medicinal plant raw material of ivy and, in particular, determining the characteristics of the identity of its leaves. Objective: to compare the characteristics of the identity of common ivy leaves from different habitats according to anatomical and morphological features. Material and methods. The object of the study is well-developed dried leaves of common ivy (Hedera helix L., Araliaceae family), harvested in August 2019 in various geographical areas: Russia (Crimea (Sevastopol and its environs, the vicinity of Yalta (altitude 800 meters above sea level), gorge near the village of Chernorechye), the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus (Anapa), the Voronezh region (Lipovka), Greece (Crete), Spain (Ibiza). The description of the external signs of ivy leaves was carried out visually and using a magnifying glass (x10 magnification), the dimensions were determined using a ruler. Microscopic examination of raw materials was carried out using a Biomed 6.0 microscope with a magnification of x40, x100, x400. The studied objects were clarified by boiling for 3-5 min in a 5% sodium hydroxide solution. Determination of biometric characteristics was carried out for leaves from reproductive shoots using an eyepiece micrometer. Results. The analysis made it possible to establish some similarities of the studied objects in the anatomical structure, as well as to identify several distinctive features. Conclusion. Features characterizing the identity of common ivy leaves and their variability under the influence of climatic factors have been studied. Differences in leaves were established depending on the place of their harvesting, as well as the type of shoot of the mother plant. It is shown that anatomical features are represented by a similar set of diagnostic elements. All identified features are visualized and their metric characteristics are determined. For the first time, the dependence of the biometric parameters of common ivy leaves on the habitats of the species was revealed.

Introduction. In many countries, dosage forms of dosed, continuous administration of medicinal substances (MS) into the bloodstream through the skin have been developed; they are able to bypass the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and do not have the disadvantages of injection. In transdermal therapeutic systems, the permeability, as well as the release of MS, occurs due to the polymer layers of the membrane. Nanocellulose is one of the promising materials among polymeric compounds for creating films; it is characterized by good stability, large surface area, optimal mechanical and optical properties. Objective: to develop the compositions of transdermal formulations based on nanocellose and medicinal substances (5 items). Material and methods. Nanofibrillar cellulose (cotton, wood, linen) was obtained by high-intensity mechanical processing of cotton, wood and linen cellulose fibers, on an APV2000-Lab high-pressure homogenizer, working pressure of homogenization 110 MPa. Substances of dexpanthenol, acyclovir, roxithromycin, tetracycline, levomycetin were provided by «Tatkhimfarmpreparaty» JSC. The rate of release of the active substance from the film was carried out in accordance with the requirements of GPM.1.4.2.0017.15 «Dissolution for transdermal patches». The amount of released MS was estimated by UV spectrophotometry using a Shimadzu instrument (Japan). Results. Films of the composition nanocellulose (cotton) - dimethyl sulfoxide - ethyl alcohol - medicinal substance were obtained; they were dense, stable, with dissolved and evenly distributed medicinal substance, without drying out and cracks. Evaluation of the drug release from the film showed that tetracycline, acyclovir, levomycetin are well released, in contrast to them, roxithromycin is not released, and presumably forms bonds with the film components. Conclusion. The obtained results of the development of a transdermal formulation and the evaluation of the release of MS make it possible to recommend nanofibrillar cellulose for further research as a component for creating soft dosage forms.

Introduction. Glucocorticosteroids make up the bulk in the topical therapy of eczema today. However, topical steroids have several disadvantages associated with side effects. Therefore, there is a need for the design of the safest phytopreparations and their pharmacological study. Objective: to investigate the antihistaminic activity of a liquid extract recommended for the topical therapy of eczema. Material and methods. The antihistamine activity of the agent was investigated according to the generally accepted procedure based on the model of isolated intestinal spasm induced by histamine. The antihistamine agent gel for external use with diphenhydramine 1% was used as a reference drug. Results. The test agent was established to have a significant antihistaminic activity that was not inferior to that of the reference drug. The test agent blocked almost all the histamine receptors of the isolated intestinal specimen, which indicates that the agent has strong antihistaminic activity. Conclusion. The findings suggest that the liquid extract has a significant antihistaminic activity that is comparable to that of the reference synthetic drug.