The prognostic value of blood plasma biomarkers in Alzheimer's disease in an experiment: the regression analysis results

Introduction. Alzheimer's disease is a common form of terminal dementia, the diagnosis of which is complex and requires an integrated approach. Current research shows that serum biomarkers can have high prognostic value.

The aim of the study – to establish the presence of dependencies between the concentration of tau protein in the hippocampus and some serum biomarkers in rats with experimental Alzheimer's disease.

Material and methods. Alzheimer's disease was modeled in Wistar rats by direct injection of β-amyloid aggregates into the CA1 segment of the hippocampus. After 28 days, the rats for changes in the concentration of tau protein in the hippocampus, as well as tau protein, Aß, interleukin 6, 1, 2, tumor necrosis factor-α, glial fibrillar acid protein, neuron-specific enolase, protein S100ß, neurotrophic factor of the brain, light chains of neurofilament, neuroregulin, neuropeptide Y, preseniline-1, citrate synthase, succinate dehydrogenase, cytochrome c oxidase and hydrogen peroxide in blood plasma were assessed.

Results. During the work, it was shown that in rats with experimental Alzheimer's disease, there was a significant increase in the concentration of tau protein in hippocampal tissue, which was strongly correlated with the content of tau protein, β-amyloid, glial fibrillar acid protein and brain neurotrophic factor in animal blood plasma. There was also an increase in the concentration of interleukin 6, 1, 2, tumor necrosis factor-α, neuron-specific enolase, protein S100ß, light chains of neurofilament, neuroregulin, neuropeptide Y, presenilin-1 and hydrogen peroxide with a decrease in the content of citrate synthase, succinate dehydrogenase, cytochrome c oxidase. However, these changes were unreliable and poorly correlated with the tau protein content in the rat hippocampus.

Conclusion. It was shown that tau protein, β-amyloid, glial fibrillar acid protein and brain neurotrophic factor have the highest prognostic value among the analyzed blood plasma biomarkers.