Vol 24, No 2 (2021)

The prospects of the use of multicomponent preparations in clinical practice are discussed on the base of the analysis of formularies. Today, many diseases are caused by stress, improper lifestyles associated with hypodynamie, impaired nutrition, and environmental distress. In this situation, it is necessary to regulate pharmacotherapy with complex drugs at the systemic level, which provides correction along the hierarchical ladder of life process management, mobilization of internal reserves for maintaining health, interfacing the action of the ingredients of the complex with the functional systems of the patient. In folk medicine of many countries, traditional eastern medicine, for thousands of years, multi-component (complex, combined, complex) drugs have been used, containing several ingredients, two or more active pharmacological substances. The inclusion of a number of medicinal components in one ready-made dosage form creates great amenities for the patient, eliminating the need to take many separate drugs, observing the order of their use, and experiencing inconvenience in the treatment and prevention of the disease. From the point of view of evidence-based medicine, they have withstood millennial trials, they have laid down centuries of experience in their successful use, and today, it is, multicomponent drugs of traditional medicine that are most interesting for research. The expressed effectiveness of the combined preparation is due to potentiation of the action of ingredients with unidirectional activity, but with different mechanisms. By reducing the proportion of components in the complex, the risk of undesirable effects when taken is reduced. Small doses of the components of the complex preparation allow modulating the natural processes of health restoration, accompanying the action of the main substances and creating conditions for the manifestation of the activity of the accompanying elements of the complex. The studies have shown that the complex drugs have a number of advantages: ease of use; drug potentiation; risk reduction of side effects; costs reduction; system effect of the complex as pharmacotherapeutic system. The emphasis is laid on the traditional combined remedies as their efficacy and safety have been proved for thousands of years and they are of great interest at present time.

The results of a chemical study of polyphenols in Viscum album L. and Pyrus communis L. have been carried out in order to compare the composition of these compounds, which may be of great importance in the joint practical use of both plants as therapeutic and prophylactic agents. Aim of the study. Comparison of the polyphenol composition of Viscum album L. and Pyrus communis L. to determine the possible joint practical use of both plants as therapeutic and prophylactic agents. Material and methods. The test-objects were the leaves of Viscum album L. growing on a host-plant of Pyrus communis L. Raw material - the leaves of both plants, harvested in the fruiting phase. The guantitative determination of flavonoids was performed on a SF-102 spectrophotometer by the spectrophotometric method. The total content of phenolic compounds was determined spectrophotometrically from the products of their oxidation with the Folin-Chocalteu reagent. The total content of antioxidants was determined by the amperometric method using a calibration plot of the dependence of the output signal on the concentration of guercetin and gallic acid. Results. The maximum content of flavonoids in extracts from the leaves of the Viscum album L. and Pyrus communis L. is achieved when the raw material is extracted with 50% ethyl alcohol and is 0,552±0,004%; 2,63±0,010%, respectively. The highest content of the phenolic compounds was noted in 50% ethanolic extracts from leaves of Viscum album L. and Pyrus communis L., and is 2,679±0,009%; 13,14±0,16%, respectively. The total content of antioxidants in the analyzed extracts from the leaves of of Viscum album L. and Pyrus communis L. was determined by the amperometric method. The optimal extractant was ethyl alcohol 50%. Conclusions. Given the similarity of the chemical composition of the polyphenolic compounds of the leaves of Viscum album L. and Pyrus communis L., the leaves of both plants can be used for therapeutic and prophylactic purposes.

Aim of the research. Characterization of the Pinus sylvestris (PS) and Pinus pumila (PP) pollen's external, anatomical and diagnostic features, phytochemical analysis and determination of raw material quality indicators, elemental composition. Materials and methods. The PS pollen was collected on the coast of the Lake Baikal, nearby village Manturiha, the PP pollen - at mountain range Ulan-Burgasyin 30 km from Ulan-Ude during May-June, 2020. Pollen quality indicators were determined according to RF State Pharmacopoeia. The total flavonoids and the total free amino acids were determined by spectrophotometric method, the content of tannins and ascorbic acid was determined according to pharmacopoeia methods. The quantitative content of elements in pollen was determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometer SolaarM6, after preliminary decomposition of pollen samples with concentrated nitric acid in the microwave system MARS 6. Results. The pollen of the studied pine species is a fine powder from light yellow to yellow (PS) and from yellow to dark yellow (PP) color. The smell is specific, weak. The taste is sweetish. The microscopy of pollen grains showed that they have a similar structure for both pine species, and consist of a body and two air sacs. The following indicators of raw material quality were determined: moisture content - 7.15-8.06%; total ash - 2.68-3.22%; ash insoluble in 10% HCI - 0.18-0.13%. The largest amount of extractive substances from pollen is extracted with 60% ethyl alcohol: from pollen PS - 35.51%, PP - 32.64%. The content of flavonoids (0.64-0.83%), free amino acids (2.45-3.65%), tannins (0.32-0.76%), ascorbic acid (33.84-34.21 mg%) was determined. The pine pollen elemental composition analysis results showed that the macroelements with highest content are potassium (11493-12942 mg/kg), and magnesium (925-1045 mg/kg), trace elements - manganese (65-155 mg/kg) and zinc (44-54 mg/kg). The content of heavy metals in pollen of both species is significantly lower than the limits established for medicinal plant products. Conclusion. For the first time the pharmacognostic study of the Pinus sylvestris and Pinus pumila pollen, growing in Buryatia, was carried out. The main external and anatomical-diagnostic features of pollen were determined, the similarity of features for PS and PP was established. The presence of flavonoids, tannins, amino acids, polysaccharides, ascorbic acid in the pollen of both pine species was established. The pollen's quality indicators satisfy the requirements for powdered medicinal plant raw materials and bee pollen. Analysis of the quantitative content of biologically active substances showed that PP pollen contains more free amino acids and tannins, and PS pollen contains slightly more flavonoids and ascorbic acid. The analysis of the elemental composition showed that the PS and PP pollen is rich in macroelements and trace elements, especially potassium, magnesium, manganese, iron and zinc. The content of heavy metals in pine pollen does not exceed the limits for medicinal plant raw materials. The results of this study could be useful in development of new therapeutic substances of plant origin from pine pollen, as well as to introduce it into official medicine as a medicinal plant material.

Relevance. The limited herbal medicines list is usedto prevent and treat the diabetes mellitus at present. The prospective raw material for such investigations is the Helichrysum thianschanicum Regel., the medicinal plant that widely grows in Tajikistan. The aim of the study was to investigate the antidiabetic properties of the Helichrysum thianschanicum Regel, flowers and leaves infusion in experimental diabetes model. Material and methods. We used 36 white nonlinear rats of both sexes weighing 180-220 grams. Flowers and leaves of the Helichrysum thianschanicum Regel, were collected in the Darvaz region (2400m above sea level) - the Republic of Tajikistan in July-August 2016-2017. The study of the antidiabetic activity was performed on the alloxan diabetes model in rats. Results. It was found that the Helichrysum thianschanicum Regel, flowers and leaves infusion has a significant antidiabetic and metabolism-corrective effect, improving the functional parameters of the kidneys and liver, has a antiatherogenic activity. Conclusion. The results show that the Helichrysum thianschanicum Regel, flowers and leaves infusion has potential for preclinical research and antidiabetic drug development.