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Vol 25, No 6 (2022)
- Year: 2022
- Articles: 7
- URL: https://journals.eco-vector.com/1560-9596/issue/view/5743
Articles
Disorders in the blood system in cancer patients with purulent-septic complications
Abstract
Despite the efforts of the world community, a steady increase in the incidence of sepsis and high mortality rates persist. The search for reliable and simple methods for the timely diagnosis of septic conditions and effective control of the treatment of the disease is one of the topical areas of laboratory diagnosis of critical conditions in surgical practice. The purpose of the work is to evaluate the diagnostic significance of indicators of the functional activity of albumin, the state of the hemostasis system and the morphology of neutrophils in cancer patients with purulent-septic complications during treatment. Results. We observed 32 cancer patients with tumors of various localizations. All patients in the postoperative period developed purulent-septic complications (peritonitis, pancreatic necrosis, acute endobronchitis, acute cholangitis, pneumonia, etc.). From the first day of the development of purulent-septic complications (GSO), patients showed a significant decrease in detoxification activity, binding and transport capacity of serum albumin. Protein dysfunctions persisted almost throughout the entire observation period, especially pronounced in patients with an unfavorable course of GSO. Of the 32 patients with purulent-septic complications, 16 patients died due to the development of septic shock, multiple organ failure, which was accompanied by both bleeding and micro and macrothrombosis; 16 patients were successfully treated and discharged from the hospital. A retrospective analysis of successfully treated patients and deceased patients with purulent-septic complications was carried out. In the case of successful treatment of sepsis, the restoration of the detoxification and transport efficiency of albumin to the lower limits of the norm was observed. In the group of deceased patients, a sharp decrease in the detoxification efficiency of serum albumin (DTE) was revealed on the 1st day of the development of purulent-septic complications, significantly different from the indicators of successfully treated patients. The results of the study allow us to recommend the parameter of albumin detoxification activity for early diagnosis and prediction of the severity of purulent-septic complications in cancer patients. In cancer patients with purulent-septic complications, there is a significant activation of blood coagulation and the development of various forms of the DIC syndrome with the consumption of natural thrombin inhibitors, components of fibrinolysis and platelets, which must be taken into account in the complex therapy of septic conditions. Revealed neutrophilia with a pronounced shift of the blood formula to the left, combined with a slight leukocytosis or leukopenia. The appearance in the peripheral blood of patients with sepsis of a significant population of young neutrophils and degenerative segmented forms (toxogenic granularity, vacuolization of the cytoplasm, pycnosis of the nuclei) indicate endogenous intoxication, impaired maturation and differentiation in the bone marrow. The data obtained can be used in monitoring the clinical course of sepsis. Conclusion. The results of assessing the parameter of the detoxification efficiency of blood serum albumin, assessing the intensity of intravascular coagulation, and analyzing the morphology of neutrophils can be used to accompany cancer patients during surgical treatment. The data obtained will help to timely identify, monitor and control the effectiveness of intensive care for purulent-septic complications that aggravate the course of the postoperative period, lengthen the time of hospital stay and increase the cost of treatment.
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Vitamin E and its status in vegetarians and vegans
Abstract
Vitamin E is one of the fat-soluble vitamins. Currently, eight of its forms have been studied - these are α-, β-, γ- and δ-tocopherols and α-, β-, γ- and δ-tocotrienols. α-tocopherol has the greatest metabolic activity, since it binds most efficiently to serum carriers and is quickly delivered to the liver in order to be incorporated into lipoproteins. Vitamin E is one of the most significant elements of the body's antioxidant defense. By preventing blood lipoproteins from free radical oxidation, it reduces the risk of atherosclerosis. Moreover, it averts platelet aggregation. In this way, vitamin E protects us from cardiovascular diseases. Vitamin E is also an immunomodulator, which has a significant effect on lymphocyte function. Like other hydrophobic vitamins, tocopherols and tocotrienols can accumulate in tissues and cause toxic effects. The most pronounced manifestation of hypervitaminosis E is platelet dysfunction and hemorrhage. Vegetable oils provide the majority of the dietary vitamin E. In particular, sunflower oil is one of the richest sources of vitamin E. Largely due to the fact that sunflower oil is common in Eastern Europe, vitamin E deficiency is quite rare in this region, which, however, cannot be said about population of North America or Southern Europe, where corn and olive oils are generally consumed, respectively. Higher consumption of vegetable oils and oilseeds provides vegans with large amounts of vitamin E. Nonetheless, serum α-tocopherol concentrations are often low in those dietary groups. Primarily, this is associated with lower level of serum lipids in vegans because blood lipoproteins contain the majority of α-tocopherol. In case of vegans, the lower lipid level results lower vitamin E. Taking all these into account, the assessment of the serum α-tocopherol:cholesterol ratio comes to the fore. Even considering all the facts, there is no significant preponderance of this ratio among vegans and vegetarians. This is probably due to the fact that subjects from both plant-based and omnivorous groups in most studies had plasma lipoproteins saturated with vitamin E. However, this issue requires further research.
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Antiviral activity of compounds containing a structural fragment of benzopyran-2-one
Abstract
Benzopyran-2-oh derivatives are characterized by an extensive spectrum of pharmacological activity, among which antiviral properties are particularly distinguished. It is worth noting that both natural derivatives of benzopyran-2-one and their semi-synthetic analogues have antiviral activity. It is particularly relevant to evaluate the effectiveness of benzopyran-2-one derivatives in relation to the SARS-CoV-2 virus. A number of studies indicate that benzopyran-2-ones are able to suppress the main virulence factors of SARS-CoV-2: the receptor-binding domain of the S-protein, the main and papain-like proteases. As SARS-CoV-2 inhibiting agents, hebulinic acid and punicalagin are of the greatest interest, which combine a polyvalent mechanism of antiviral action, high efficiency and low toxicity.
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Biological effects of buckwheat flavonoids
Abstract
Buckwheat flavonoids are represented by a wide range of biologically active substances of polyphenolic nature. Rutin and buckwheat anthocyanins have the greatest biological activity. Purpose of the study. Evaluation of the biological effects of the polyphenolic complex of buckwheat. Material and methods. Rutin, anthocyanins, a preparation of polyphenolic nature isolated from flowers and vegetative mass of buckwheat were used as objects of research. Sensitivity to antibiotic drugs and the minimum inhibitory concentration were determined by the disco-diffusion method and the method of serial dilutions. Osmotic resistance of E. coli was evaluated densitometrically with varying concentrations of NaCl. Adhesive activity was determined by the number of bacterial cells attached to erythrocytes. The activity of β-galactosidase was determined by the change in optical density at a wavelength of 405 nm. Protease activity was analyzed by incubating a biomaterial with trichloroacetic acid, followed by the calculation of activity according to the calibration curve with tyrosine. The activity of the superoxide dismutase enzyme was determined by spectrophotometry at a wavelength of 550 nm, and the activity of catalase at a wavelength of 240 nm. The carbohydrate content was determined by reaction with phenol in the presence of sulfuric acid at a wavelength of 440 nm. The quantitative content of reducing substances was determined by Veshnyakov. The peptone content was quantified by reaction with a biuretic reagent. The total protein content in the biomass was determined by Bradford. Protein analysis by electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel under denaturing conditions. Results. A study of the antibiotic activity of buckwheat flavonoids and preparations based on them was conducted, the minimum concentrations of rutin and anthocyanins from buckwheat flowers were established - 6.13 and 2.62 mcg/ml, respectively, which inhibit the growth of E. coli bacteria ATCC 25922. When co-incubating β-lactam antibiotics with buckwheat flavonoids, it was found that the active components rutin from flowers and anthocyanins from the vegetative mass of buckwheat reduce the minimum inhibitory concentration of amoxicillin by an average of 34-36%, meropenem by 20-22%, cefazolin by 16-18%. According to the results of the study of the effect of buckwheat flavonoids on osmotic resistance and adhesion of E. coli, it was shown that rutin from buckwheat flowers caused an effective decrease in these indicators. The activity indicators of E. coli peptone utilization, as well as the specific activity of proteases decreased under the action of rutin and anthocyanins. Phenolic compounds - rutin and anthocyanins contribute to a decrease in the utilization of carbohydrate components and the specific activity of jS-galactosidase during co-incubation with isolate E. coli. Anthocyanins from the vegetative mass of buckwheat have antioxidant activity, causing a significant increase in the activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase. Conclusions. When studying the biological properties of buckwheat flavonoids, the specificity of the action of their component composition was established. The most active compounds of the polyphenolic complex of buckwheat have been identified - rutin from flowers and anthocyanins from vegetative mass, which have bacteriostatic activity against E.coli, due to prooxidant action and violation of the integrity of the bacterial cell wall. In addition, rutin and anthocyanins exhibit a weak bacteriostatic effect against phytopathogenic pathogens. Buckwheat anthocyanins, inducing oxidative stress, subsequently cause a violation of the integrity of E. coli DNA. Compounds of the phenolic complex of buckwheat with pronounced biological activity can be recommended as components for the creation of antiseptic solutions for external use.
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Pharmaceutical aspects of grinding process
Abstract
The required quality of the medicinal product is ensured by a strategy for controlling the critical characteristics of starting materials and critical process parameters. In industrial pharmacy, the decisive factor for the choice of the composition and technology for the preparation of the drug under development is the determination of the particle size of the components, in order to develop the grinding process and determine the control strategy associated with the starting materials, the pharmaceutical substance and the drug, the process conditions and the equipment used. Despite the development of new technologies, as well as significant improvements in existing methods, particle size reduction by grinding remains essentially an empirical science requiring knowledge management to better understand it in order to meet new regulatory requirements. Aim. To analyze modern publications and information and analytical materials on the technological process of grinding in industrial pharmacy in order to use them in the work of the Center for Pharmaceutical Technologies to develop the composition and technology for the production of drugs and biologically active additives. The object of research is the technology of grinding. For the preparation of materials, information resources (publications, scientific publications, information and reference materials) were used. From the point of view of process control, modeling of solid particle grinding processes is applied, based on known physical laws. Grinding is necessary not only to achieve a greater therapeutic effect, but also for more accurate dosing: when grinding, the particle size of medicinal substances is leveled, after which they mix well and do not delaminate during dosing. Despite its widespread use, grinding is one of the least understood processes due to the complexity of the materials used and the technological parameters associated with grinding. Prior knowledge of the process is required to develop valid models that take into account the properties of the material and the grinding method. However, the applicability of known models is limited due to the inherent complexity of the grinding process. Traditional experimental methods are limited in providing a mechanistic model of the influence of particle properties and operating parameters on the grinding process. Therefore, there is a need to develop consistent methods or models to quantify and predict this process, which will facilitate the development of predictive tools and knowledge transfer.
40-45
Benefits of composition combined herbal drug of sedative action
Abstract
Aim: to prepare advantages of the composition of sedative herbal medicinal product employing recently published sources and information research. The paper presents the advantages of the combined herbal medicinal product with sedative action. The existing formulations of sedative action, registered as medicines and biologically active food additives, are analyzed. The selected pharmacopoeial species of medicinal plant raw materials including Herba Leonuri, Fructus Crataegi and Herba Polemonii are characterized. The selected three-component composition is not overloaded with components, excludes synthetic additives, not contain rhizomes with roots valerian. At the same time, it includes two components in sedative activity superior to Valeriana. Based on the selected composition, further studies will be carried out to develop the capsules technology with a thixotropic sedative liquid.
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Features of the course of metabolic processes in the body of laboratory animals with additional feeding of manganese asparaginate
Abstract
Manganese is an essential element, acting as a cofactor in the active centers of various enzymes, it ment, maintenance of the functions of the nervous system and immune cells, regulation of blood sugar and vitamins. The aim of the study is to evaluate the effect of additional administration of Mn asparaginate on changes in the dynamics of live weight, the development of internal organs and the exchange of chemical elements in the liver of laboratory animals. Material and methods. The studies were carried out in the conditions of the experimental biological clinic of the OSU on a model -male rats of the Wistar line weighing 110-120 g, 80 heads. The animals were divided into 4 groups (n=20), the experimental groups received manganese asparaginate per os in dosages of 1 mg/kg, 2 mg/kg and 3 mg/kg. Results. It was found that with the additional use of Mn asparaginate in various dosages, a decrease in live weight was observed in animals of the experimental groups on the 14th day of the experimental study by 2.0% - 4.52% relative to the control values. A longer administration of this element (28 days), on the contrary, contributed to an increase in live weight relative to the control by 1.44% - 5.52%. In rats under the influence of manganese asparaginate in all experimental groups receiving Mn at dosages of 2.0 mg/kg, 1.0 mg/kg, 3.0 mg/kg, an increase in heart and brain mass was observed by 10.45%, 4.76%, 11.76% and 3.75%, 8.33%, 3.14%, respectively. Conclusion. The exchange of chemical elements in the liver of laboratory animals showed that Mn asparaginate contributed to the elimination of most essential and conditionally essential elements, as well as macronutrients and, conversely, the accumulation of heavy metals in the liver.
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